RNSG 2539 Complete Final Exam
Study Questions with Verified
Answers | Latest Edition
1. A client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12; partial
pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 40 mm Hg; and bicarbonate
(HCO3-), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values suggest which disorder? -
ANSWER Metabolic acidosis
2. As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base
imbalance? - ANSWER Respiratory Acidosis
3. Which medication classification represents a proton (gastric acid) pump
inhibitor? - ANSWER Omeprazole
4. A group of nursing students are studying for a test over acid-base imbalance.
One student asks another what the major chemical regulator of plasma pH is.
What should the second student respond? - ANSWER Bicarbonate-carbonic
acid buffer system
5. The nurse is administering an insulin drip to a patient in ketoacidosis. What
insulin does the nurse know is the only one that can be used intravenously? -
ANSWER Regular
6. A client is admitted to the intensive care unit for cardiogenic shock. In the
hours since admission, the client's arterial blood gases indicate acidosis,
most likely acute lactic acidosis. Which clinical manifestations and
, diagnostic findings might his care team anticipate before acid--base balance
is restored? - ANSWER Dysrhythmias
7. The nurse is providing care to a client admitted with acute pancreatitis.
Which data support the client's diagnosis? Select all that apply.
A) Severe epigastric pain
B) Nausea and vomiting
C) Elevated temperature
D) Hypotension
E) Steatorrhea - ANSWER A) Severe epigastric pain
B) Nausea and vomiting
C) Elevated temperature
D) Hypotension
8. The nurse is providing care to a client who is being admitted to rule out
acute pancreatitis. Which item found in the client's history increases the
client's risk for this disease process?
A) Systemic lupus
B) Alcoholism
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Hypertriglyceridemia - ANSWER B) Alcoholism
9. The nurse is providing care to an older adult client admitted to the medical
unit for acute gastric and left upper abdominal pain radiating to the back.
The healthcare provider has diagnosed the client with chronic pancreatitis.
Which items are appropriate to include in the discharge teaching for this
client? Select all that apply.
A) Encouraging a high-fat diet
B) Eliminating alcoholic beverages
C) Properly administering pancrelipase
D) Reporting symptoms of infection
E) Taking antacids - ANSWER B) Eliminating alcoholic beverages
,C) Properly administering pancrelipase
D) Reporting symptoms of infection
E) Taking antacids
10.Which of the following factors would a nurse identify as a most likely cause
of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a client with diabetes? - ANSWER The
client has eaten and has not taken or received insulin.
11.A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which
insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously? - ANSWER
Regular
12.A client has a dull headache, is dizzy, and has an increased pulse rate. The
results of arterial blood gas analysis are as follows: pH 7.26; partial pressure
of carbon dioxide, 50 mm Hg (6.7 kPa); and bicarbonate, 24 mEq/L (24
mmol/L). These findings indicate which acid-base imbalance? - ANSWER
respiratory acidosis
13.A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas
(ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 90 mm
Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 27 mm Hg; and
bicarbonate (HCO3-), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse suspects:
- ANSWER respiratory alkalosis
14.A client is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of intractable vomiting for 3
days. What acid-base imbalance related to the loss of stomach acid does the
nurse observe on the arterial blood gas (ABG)? - ANSWER Metabolic
alkalosis
, 15.Vomiting results in which of the following acid-base imbalances? -
ANSWER Metabolic Alkalosis
16.When explaining how carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic
acid as part of an acid-base lecture, the faculty instructor emphasizes that
which enzyme is needed as a catalyst for this reaction? - ANSWER
Carbonic anhydrase
17.A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which
insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously? - ANSWER
Regular
18.A client reports nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 5 days. The nurse
assesses the mucous membranes as pale and dry. The client has sunken eyes
with the following vital signs: pulse 122 and thready, respirations 23, blood
pressure 78/55, temperature 101.8°F oral. Which is the priority nursing
intervention? - ANSWER Request an order from the physician for IV
rehydration therapy.
19.The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is regulation
of which of the following? - ANSWER CO2
20.The nurse is caring for a client with worsening respiratory acidosis. Which
of these interventions does the nurse anticipate if the client's condition
continues to deteriorate? - ANSWER Mechanical Ventilation
21.The nurse is aware that the major role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base
balance is to increase the production of: - ANSWER HCO3-
Study Questions with Verified
Answers | Latest Edition
1. A client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12; partial
pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 40 mm Hg; and bicarbonate
(HCO3-), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values suggest which disorder? -
ANSWER Metabolic acidosis
2. As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base
imbalance? - ANSWER Respiratory Acidosis
3. Which medication classification represents a proton (gastric acid) pump
inhibitor? - ANSWER Omeprazole
4. A group of nursing students are studying for a test over acid-base imbalance.
One student asks another what the major chemical regulator of plasma pH is.
What should the second student respond? - ANSWER Bicarbonate-carbonic
acid buffer system
5. The nurse is administering an insulin drip to a patient in ketoacidosis. What
insulin does the nurse know is the only one that can be used intravenously? -
ANSWER Regular
6. A client is admitted to the intensive care unit for cardiogenic shock. In the
hours since admission, the client's arterial blood gases indicate acidosis,
most likely acute lactic acidosis. Which clinical manifestations and
, diagnostic findings might his care team anticipate before acid--base balance
is restored? - ANSWER Dysrhythmias
7. The nurse is providing care to a client admitted with acute pancreatitis.
Which data support the client's diagnosis? Select all that apply.
A) Severe epigastric pain
B) Nausea and vomiting
C) Elevated temperature
D) Hypotension
E) Steatorrhea - ANSWER A) Severe epigastric pain
B) Nausea and vomiting
C) Elevated temperature
D) Hypotension
8. The nurse is providing care to a client who is being admitted to rule out
acute pancreatitis. Which item found in the client's history increases the
client's risk for this disease process?
A) Systemic lupus
B) Alcoholism
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Hypertriglyceridemia - ANSWER B) Alcoholism
9. The nurse is providing care to an older adult client admitted to the medical
unit for acute gastric and left upper abdominal pain radiating to the back.
The healthcare provider has diagnosed the client with chronic pancreatitis.
Which items are appropriate to include in the discharge teaching for this
client? Select all that apply.
A) Encouraging a high-fat diet
B) Eliminating alcoholic beverages
C) Properly administering pancrelipase
D) Reporting symptoms of infection
E) Taking antacids - ANSWER B) Eliminating alcoholic beverages
,C) Properly administering pancrelipase
D) Reporting symptoms of infection
E) Taking antacids
10.Which of the following factors would a nurse identify as a most likely cause
of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a client with diabetes? - ANSWER The
client has eaten and has not taken or received insulin.
11.A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which
insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously? - ANSWER
Regular
12.A client has a dull headache, is dizzy, and has an increased pulse rate. The
results of arterial blood gas analysis are as follows: pH 7.26; partial pressure
of carbon dioxide, 50 mm Hg (6.7 kPa); and bicarbonate, 24 mEq/L (24
mmol/L). These findings indicate which acid-base imbalance? - ANSWER
respiratory acidosis
13.A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas
(ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 90 mm
Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 27 mm Hg; and
bicarbonate (HCO3-), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse suspects:
- ANSWER respiratory alkalosis
14.A client is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of intractable vomiting for 3
days. What acid-base imbalance related to the loss of stomach acid does the
nurse observe on the arterial blood gas (ABG)? - ANSWER Metabolic
alkalosis
, 15.Vomiting results in which of the following acid-base imbalances? -
ANSWER Metabolic Alkalosis
16.When explaining how carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic
acid as part of an acid-base lecture, the faculty instructor emphasizes that
which enzyme is needed as a catalyst for this reaction? - ANSWER
Carbonic anhydrase
17.A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which
insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously? - ANSWER
Regular
18.A client reports nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 5 days. The nurse
assesses the mucous membranes as pale and dry. The client has sunken eyes
with the following vital signs: pulse 122 and thready, respirations 23, blood
pressure 78/55, temperature 101.8°F oral. Which is the priority nursing
intervention? - ANSWER Request an order from the physician for IV
rehydration therapy.
19.The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is regulation
of which of the following? - ANSWER CO2
20.The nurse is caring for a client with worsening respiratory acidosis. Which
of these interventions does the nurse anticipate if the client's condition
continues to deteriorate? - ANSWER Mechanical Ventilation
21.The nurse is aware that the major role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base
balance is to increase the production of: - ANSWER HCO3-
