-hepcidin: inflammation causes release of hepcidin as acute phase reactant (not due
to adequate iron levels), inactivating ferroportin and inhibiting iron release into
circulation
-lactoferrin: activated neutrophils release lactoferrin to compete with bacteria for
iron, lactoferrin will out-compete body cells for iron
-cytokines: TNF alpha, INF gamma, IL1, etc. interfere with ferrokinetics and
erythropoiesis, leading to anemia
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, cytokines in anemia of chronic inflammation
-inherited mutation of the PIEZ01 gene leads to defects in membrane
permeability that allows K+ to leak out of the cell, leading to
dehydrated RBCs
-symptoms: mild to moderate anemia, hydrops fetalis, jaundice and
splenomegaly
-reticulocytosis
-increased MCHC
-decreased osmotic fragility
-stomatocytes, target cells, burr cells
-puddled hemoglobin (shown in picture)
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hereditary xerocytosis (HX)
stain that is used to identify iron in tissues and bone marrow
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prussian blue stain
infects reticulocytes with duffy antigens present
-trophozoites cause ring forms in RBCs
-infected RBCs appear enlarged
-schuffner's stippling and ameboid appearance in infected RBCs
-schizonts visible in thin smears
-merezoites cause formation of brown hemozoin pigment
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plasmodium vivax
>150% G6PD activity
-no clinical symptoms
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G6PD class V
male serum ferritin reference range
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40-400 (ng/mL)
-decrase in G6PD enzyme causes underproduction of NADPH, leading to inability to
reduce glutathione for detox of H2O2
-H2O2 oxidizes hemoglobin in the RBCs, leading to formation of heinz bodies
-can be induced by oxidative drugs
-symptoms: jaundice, anemia, hyperbilirubinemia
-N/N anemia
-anisocytosis, poikilocytosis
-spherocytes and schistocytes in PB
-heinz bodies seen with crystal violet
-G6PD activity decreased
-fluorescent spot test negative
to adequate iron levels), inactivating ferroportin and inhibiting iron release into
circulation
-lactoferrin: activated neutrophils release lactoferrin to compete with bacteria for
iron, lactoferrin will out-compete body cells for iron
-cytokines: TNF alpha, INF gamma, IL1, etc. interfere with ferrokinetics and
erythropoiesis, leading to anemia
Give this one a try later!
, cytokines in anemia of chronic inflammation
-inherited mutation of the PIEZ01 gene leads to defects in membrane
permeability that allows K+ to leak out of the cell, leading to
dehydrated RBCs
-symptoms: mild to moderate anemia, hydrops fetalis, jaundice and
splenomegaly
-reticulocytosis
-increased MCHC
-decreased osmotic fragility
-stomatocytes, target cells, burr cells
-puddled hemoglobin (shown in picture)
Give this one a try later!
hereditary xerocytosis (HX)
stain that is used to identify iron in tissues and bone marrow
Give this one a try later!
prussian blue stain
infects reticulocytes with duffy antigens present
-trophozoites cause ring forms in RBCs
-infected RBCs appear enlarged
-schuffner's stippling and ameboid appearance in infected RBCs
-schizonts visible in thin smears
-merezoites cause formation of brown hemozoin pigment
, Give this one a try later!
plasmodium vivax
>150% G6PD activity
-no clinical symptoms
Give this one a try later!
G6PD class V
male serum ferritin reference range
Give this one a try later!
40-400 (ng/mL)
-decrase in G6PD enzyme causes underproduction of NADPH, leading to inability to
reduce glutathione for detox of H2O2
-H2O2 oxidizes hemoglobin in the RBCs, leading to formation of heinz bodies
-can be induced by oxidative drugs
-symptoms: jaundice, anemia, hyperbilirubinemia
-N/N anemia
-anisocytosis, poikilocytosis
-spherocytes and schistocytes in PB
-heinz bodies seen with crystal violet
-G6PD activity decreased
-fluorescent spot test negative
