ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY (BARLOW & DURAND) TEST 1 (CH 1-4) 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Bio-psychological dysfunction - (answer)"Harmful Dysfunction" -Wakefield
Harmful: cultural values of distress, functional impairment, or what behaviors lead to increased risk to
organism or to death (social value issue).
Dysfunction: mental function not working as it was intended to function.
Onset of disorder - (answer)Early: before age 21
Late: 21 years and older
Acute: sudden
Insidious: develops over time
Research-practitioner role - (answer)Prominent model of training prevalent today in the PhD
clinical/counseling psychology programs.
Biological tradition - (answer)Hippocrates: "balance theory of personality" (sanguine, melancholic, calm,
excitable)
Pasteur: 1870s; Germ Theory of Disease
Kraepelin: 1900s; biological causes of physical and mental illness
Gray: 1850; editor of American Journal of Insanity (psychiatry)
Cerletti & Beni: 1930s; electro-convulsive shock
1950s: major medicines introduced to treat severely mentally ill
Psychopathology - (answer)comes from inside the body issue.
Psychological tradition - (answer)Pinel: 1745 France
Tuke: 1732 England
Dorothea Dix: mid-19th century U.S.
Allyson & Azrin: mid-1960s U.S. mental hospitals; token economy behavioral rx.
, ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY (BARLOW & DURAND) TEST 1 (CH 1-4) 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Psychoanalytic tradition - (answer)Freud: 20th century; psychoanalysis
Behavioral tradition - (answer)B.F. Skinner & Pavlov: 20th century; learning-theory based treatment
Contemporary learning theory - (answer)Mark Bouton: cognitive synthesis in learning
Pavlov: when we were born, we quickly learned emotionally to discriminate the difference between
good stimuli and bad stimuli.
Skinner: we learned to "approach" the good stimulus cue learning (S:CS) and "avoid" the harmful
stimulus cue learning (S:CS); the emotional results of our approach/avoidance behaviors are
consequences = S*:UCS (reinforcers).
Without Pavlovian and Skinnerian learning we would not have been able to adapt to this planet.
Biopsychosocial Model of mental illness - (answer)Biological, psychological, and social causes are always
interacting; Barlow and Durand's Integrative Approach.
McCullough's Rule of Treatment - (answer)The way you define the concept of psychological disorder
(psychopathology) determines the way you treat it.
Causal determinant model of behavior - (answer)Person x environment (P X E) will determine our
approach to understanding psychopathology.
K.S. Kendler - (answer)Overthrowing the "dualism" model of Rene Descartes; dualism is incorrect.
Diathesis-stress model - (answer)Vulnerability; individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or
behaviors, which may then be activated under conditions of stress; when the right kind of life event
comes along, the disorder develops.
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Bio-psychological dysfunction - (answer)"Harmful Dysfunction" -Wakefield
Harmful: cultural values of distress, functional impairment, or what behaviors lead to increased risk to
organism or to death (social value issue).
Dysfunction: mental function not working as it was intended to function.
Onset of disorder - (answer)Early: before age 21
Late: 21 years and older
Acute: sudden
Insidious: develops over time
Research-practitioner role - (answer)Prominent model of training prevalent today in the PhD
clinical/counseling psychology programs.
Biological tradition - (answer)Hippocrates: "balance theory of personality" (sanguine, melancholic, calm,
excitable)
Pasteur: 1870s; Germ Theory of Disease
Kraepelin: 1900s; biological causes of physical and mental illness
Gray: 1850; editor of American Journal of Insanity (psychiatry)
Cerletti & Beni: 1930s; electro-convulsive shock
1950s: major medicines introduced to treat severely mentally ill
Psychopathology - (answer)comes from inside the body issue.
Psychological tradition - (answer)Pinel: 1745 France
Tuke: 1732 England
Dorothea Dix: mid-19th century U.S.
Allyson & Azrin: mid-1960s U.S. mental hospitals; token economy behavioral rx.
, ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY (BARLOW & DURAND) TEST 1 (CH 1-4) 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Psychoanalytic tradition - (answer)Freud: 20th century; psychoanalysis
Behavioral tradition - (answer)B.F. Skinner & Pavlov: 20th century; learning-theory based treatment
Contemporary learning theory - (answer)Mark Bouton: cognitive synthesis in learning
Pavlov: when we were born, we quickly learned emotionally to discriminate the difference between
good stimuli and bad stimuli.
Skinner: we learned to "approach" the good stimulus cue learning (S:CS) and "avoid" the harmful
stimulus cue learning (S:CS); the emotional results of our approach/avoidance behaviors are
consequences = S*:UCS (reinforcers).
Without Pavlovian and Skinnerian learning we would not have been able to adapt to this planet.
Biopsychosocial Model of mental illness - (answer)Biological, psychological, and social causes are always
interacting; Barlow and Durand's Integrative Approach.
McCullough's Rule of Treatment - (answer)The way you define the concept of psychological disorder
(psychopathology) determines the way you treat it.
Causal determinant model of behavior - (answer)Person x environment (P X E) will determine our
approach to understanding psychopathology.
K.S. Kendler - (answer)Overthrowing the "dualism" model of Rene Descartes; dualism is incorrect.
Diathesis-stress model - (answer)Vulnerability; individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or
behaviors, which may then be activated under conditions of stress; when the right kind of life event
comes along, the disorder develops.
