Nursing 222 - Exam 1: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Nursing History, Theories,
Process, Health Promotion, Mobility, Patient Safety | Q&A | Grade A | 100%
Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing Program
Subject: Fundamentals of Nursing – Nursing History & Leaders (Nightingale, Barton, Dix, Tubman, Mahoney, Robb, Wald),
Nursing Organizations (ANA, QSEN, WHO), Nursing Theories & Models (Health Belief Model, Holistic Health, Maslow,
Leininger, Watson, Swanson), Nursing Process (ADPIE), Health Promotion & Disease Prevention
(Primary/Secondary/Tertiary), Stages of Behavior Change, Medicare/Medicaid, Mobility & Immobility (ROM, Positioning,
Gait, Assistive Devices), Pressure Injury Prevention, DVT Prevention, Body Mechanics
Source: Nursing 222 Exam 1 Bank – Latest 2026/2027 Curriculum
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationale
Total Questions: 140+ (All processed – no omissions, no truncation)
1. What does ANA stand for?
Correct Answer: American Nurses Association.
1. Professional organization representing registered nurses in the US.
2. Advances nursing practice, education, and standards.
2. What is Florence Nightingale known for?
Correct Answer: Connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Used statistics to prove the
success of her strategies.
1. Founder of modern nursing.
2. Emphasized sanitation, fresh air, and hygiene.
3. What is Clara Barton known for?
Correct Answer: Founder of the American Red Cross. Cared for soldiers on the battlefields, cleansed
wounds, comforting them in death.
1. "Angel of the Battlefield" during Civil War.
2. Established Red Cross in 1881.
4. What are Dorothea Lynde Dix and Mary Ann Ball known for?
Correct Answer: Organized hospitals and ambulances, appointed nurses, cared for wounded
soldiers, managed supplies.
1. Dix served as Superintendent of Army Nurses.
2. Organized nursing corps during Civil War.
5. What is Harriet Tubman known for?
Correct Answer: Underground railroad movement led more than 300 slaves to freedom.
1. Also served as nurse and spy during Civil War.
2. Symbol of courage and humanitarianism.
6. What is Mary Mahoney known for?
Correct Answer: First professionally educated African American nurse. Advocated for relationships
between cultures and races, awareness of cultural diversity, and respect for the individual regardless
of background, race, color or religion.
1. Graduated from New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879.
2. Co-founded National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses.
,7. What is Isabel Hampton Robb known for?
Correct Answer: Founded the Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the US and Canada in 1896 which
became the ANA in 1911. Authored many textbooks and was one of the original founders of the
American Journal of Nursing.
1. Established graded nursing education system.
2. Advocated for nursing licensure.
8. What are Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster known for?
Correct Answer: Opened the Henry Street Settlement in 1893 which focused on the health needs of
poor people who lived in tenements in NYC.
1. Founded public health nursing.
2. Coined the term "public health nurse".
9. How did nursing evolve during the 20th century?
Correct Answer: Developed scientific, research-based nursing. Nursing specialties began to emerge.
1. Increased specialization and advanced practice roles.
2. Evidence-based practice became standard.
10. How has nursing changed during the 21st century?
Correct Answer: Emerging infections such as MRSA, Ebola, Covid-19. Technology and informatics are
being used. Movement from inpatient setting to outpatient setting. Patients are being discharged
earlier.
1. Telehealth and remote monitoring expanded.
2. Focus on community-based care.
11. What is altruism?
Correct Answer: Helping others.
1. Core nursing value.
2. Selfless concern for patient well-being.
12. What is autonomy?
Correct Answer: Making decisions independently.
1. Respecting patient's right to self-determination.
2. Includes informed consent.
13. What is human dignity?
Correct Answer: Treating everyone with respect.
1. Respecting inherent worth of each person.
2. Upholding patient confidentiality and privacy.
14. What is integrity?
Correct Answer: Working honestly and having strong morals.
1. Adhering to ethical principles.
2. Being accountable for actions.
15. What is social justice?
Correct Answer: Equal opportunity.
1. Fair distribution of healthcare resources.
2. Advocating for vulnerable populations.
, 16. What are standards of practice?
Correct Answer: Guidelines to establish safe care for patients.
1. ANA develops nursing standards.
2. Legal and professional expectations.
17. What are nurse practice acts?
Correct Answer: Laws to govern practice of nursing. EACH STATE HAS ITS OWN.
1. Define scope of nursing practice.
2. Regulated by state boards of nursing.
18. What does QSEN stand for?
Correct Answer: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses.
1. Competencies: patient-centered care, teamwork, EBP, QI, safety, informatics.
2. Integrates quality and safety into nursing education.
19. What does WHO stand for?
Correct Answer: World Health Organization.
1. UN agency for international public health.
2. Sets global health standards.
20. What is the WHO definition of health?
Correct Answer: Complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
1. Not merely absence of disease.
2. Holistic view of health.
21. What is the Health Belief Model?
Correct Answer: Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors. 3 parts:
individual's perception of the disease, perception of seriousness (severity), and preventative actions.
1. Predicts health behaviors.
2. Used for health promotion education.
22. What is CAM?
Correct Answer: Complementary and alternative medicine.
1. Complementary = used WITH conventional medicine.
2. Alternative = used INSTEAD OF conventional medicine.
23. What is the holistic health model?
Correct Answer: Comprehensive view of the person as a biopsychosocial and spiritual being.
Examples: aromatherapy, massage, relaxation therapy.
1. Addresses mind-body-spirit connection.
2. Emphasizes patient's role in healing.
24. What are Basic Human Needs according to Maslow?
Correct Answer: Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Basic needs must be met for higher level needs to be
satisfied.
1. Levels: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization.
2. Physiological needs (air, food, water, sleep) must be met first.
25. What is the Health Promotion Model?
Correct Answer: States health is a positive, dynamic state, not merely absence of disease. Examples:
nutritional assessment, safe driving program, exercise program, pool safety.
1. Focuses on achieving higher level of wellness.
2. Empowers patients to take control of health.
Process, Health Promotion, Mobility, Patient Safety | Q&A | Grade A | 100%
Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing Program
Subject: Fundamentals of Nursing – Nursing History & Leaders (Nightingale, Barton, Dix, Tubman, Mahoney, Robb, Wald),
Nursing Organizations (ANA, QSEN, WHO), Nursing Theories & Models (Health Belief Model, Holistic Health, Maslow,
Leininger, Watson, Swanson), Nursing Process (ADPIE), Health Promotion & Disease Prevention
(Primary/Secondary/Tertiary), Stages of Behavior Change, Medicare/Medicaid, Mobility & Immobility (ROM, Positioning,
Gait, Assistive Devices), Pressure Injury Prevention, DVT Prevention, Body Mechanics
Source: Nursing 222 Exam 1 Bank – Latest 2026/2027 Curriculum
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationale
Total Questions: 140+ (All processed – no omissions, no truncation)
1. What does ANA stand for?
Correct Answer: American Nurses Association.
1. Professional organization representing registered nurses in the US.
2. Advances nursing practice, education, and standards.
2. What is Florence Nightingale known for?
Correct Answer: Connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Used statistics to prove the
success of her strategies.
1. Founder of modern nursing.
2. Emphasized sanitation, fresh air, and hygiene.
3. What is Clara Barton known for?
Correct Answer: Founder of the American Red Cross. Cared for soldiers on the battlefields, cleansed
wounds, comforting them in death.
1. "Angel of the Battlefield" during Civil War.
2. Established Red Cross in 1881.
4. What are Dorothea Lynde Dix and Mary Ann Ball known for?
Correct Answer: Organized hospitals and ambulances, appointed nurses, cared for wounded
soldiers, managed supplies.
1. Dix served as Superintendent of Army Nurses.
2. Organized nursing corps during Civil War.
5. What is Harriet Tubman known for?
Correct Answer: Underground railroad movement led more than 300 slaves to freedom.
1. Also served as nurse and spy during Civil War.
2. Symbol of courage and humanitarianism.
6. What is Mary Mahoney known for?
Correct Answer: First professionally educated African American nurse. Advocated for relationships
between cultures and races, awareness of cultural diversity, and respect for the individual regardless
of background, race, color or religion.
1. Graduated from New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879.
2. Co-founded National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses.
,7. What is Isabel Hampton Robb known for?
Correct Answer: Founded the Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the US and Canada in 1896 which
became the ANA in 1911. Authored many textbooks and was one of the original founders of the
American Journal of Nursing.
1. Established graded nursing education system.
2. Advocated for nursing licensure.
8. What are Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster known for?
Correct Answer: Opened the Henry Street Settlement in 1893 which focused on the health needs of
poor people who lived in tenements in NYC.
1. Founded public health nursing.
2. Coined the term "public health nurse".
9. How did nursing evolve during the 20th century?
Correct Answer: Developed scientific, research-based nursing. Nursing specialties began to emerge.
1. Increased specialization and advanced practice roles.
2. Evidence-based practice became standard.
10. How has nursing changed during the 21st century?
Correct Answer: Emerging infections such as MRSA, Ebola, Covid-19. Technology and informatics are
being used. Movement from inpatient setting to outpatient setting. Patients are being discharged
earlier.
1. Telehealth and remote monitoring expanded.
2. Focus on community-based care.
11. What is altruism?
Correct Answer: Helping others.
1. Core nursing value.
2. Selfless concern for patient well-being.
12. What is autonomy?
Correct Answer: Making decisions independently.
1. Respecting patient's right to self-determination.
2. Includes informed consent.
13. What is human dignity?
Correct Answer: Treating everyone with respect.
1. Respecting inherent worth of each person.
2. Upholding patient confidentiality and privacy.
14. What is integrity?
Correct Answer: Working honestly and having strong morals.
1. Adhering to ethical principles.
2. Being accountable for actions.
15. What is social justice?
Correct Answer: Equal opportunity.
1. Fair distribution of healthcare resources.
2. Advocating for vulnerable populations.
, 16. What are standards of practice?
Correct Answer: Guidelines to establish safe care for patients.
1. ANA develops nursing standards.
2. Legal and professional expectations.
17. What are nurse practice acts?
Correct Answer: Laws to govern practice of nursing. EACH STATE HAS ITS OWN.
1. Define scope of nursing practice.
2. Regulated by state boards of nursing.
18. What does QSEN stand for?
Correct Answer: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses.
1. Competencies: patient-centered care, teamwork, EBP, QI, safety, informatics.
2. Integrates quality and safety into nursing education.
19. What does WHO stand for?
Correct Answer: World Health Organization.
1. UN agency for international public health.
2. Sets global health standards.
20. What is the WHO definition of health?
Correct Answer: Complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
1. Not merely absence of disease.
2. Holistic view of health.
21. What is the Health Belief Model?
Correct Answer: Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors. 3 parts:
individual's perception of the disease, perception of seriousness (severity), and preventative actions.
1. Predicts health behaviors.
2. Used for health promotion education.
22. What is CAM?
Correct Answer: Complementary and alternative medicine.
1. Complementary = used WITH conventional medicine.
2. Alternative = used INSTEAD OF conventional medicine.
23. What is the holistic health model?
Correct Answer: Comprehensive view of the person as a biopsychosocial and spiritual being.
Examples: aromatherapy, massage, relaxation therapy.
1. Addresses mind-body-spirit connection.
2. Emphasizes patient's role in healing.
24. What are Basic Human Needs according to Maslow?
Correct Answer: Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Basic needs must be met for higher level needs to be
satisfied.
1. Levels: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization.
2. Physiological needs (air, food, water, sleep) must be met first.
25. What is the Health Promotion Model?
Correct Answer: States health is a positive, dynamic state, not merely absence of disease. Examples:
nutritional assessment, safe driving program, exercise program, pool safety.
1. Focuses on achieving higher level of wellness.
2. Empowers patients to take control of health.
