NSG 527 Midterm: Existential Therapy, Gestalt Therapy, Dyadic
Developmental Psychotherapy, Relational-Cultural Therapy,
Transtheoretical Model, Motivational Interviewing (Latest 2026/2027
Update) | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Verified Answers
Subject: NSG 527 – Existential Therapy (May, Yalom, 4 Givens, 3 Worlds), Gestalt Therapy
(Perls, Topdog/Underdog, Empty Chair, Impasse, Phenomenology), Dyadic Developmental
Psychotherapy (Hughes, PACE, RAD), Relational-Cultural Therapy (Miller, Central Relational
Paradox), Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & DiClemente, Stages of Change), Motivational
Interviewing (Miller, OARS, DARN), rTMS, DBS, Erikson's Stages
1: Who founded existential therapy? (2 people)
Correct Answer: Rollo May and Irvin Yalom
1. Rollo May introduced existential therapy to the US in 1958.
2. Yalom wrote the first comprehensive textbook, "Existential Psychotherapy."
2: What is existential therapy?
Correct Answer: A therapy based on the philosophical concern with what it means to be fully
human. You can make changes to the person you want to be. Based on personal relationship
between patient and therapist. Stresses personal freedom in one's fate. Places value on self-
awareness.
1. Focuses on the human condition, not technical rules.
2. Emphasizes authenticity, freedom, and responsibility.
3: What are Yalom's four givens of existence?
Correct Answer: Death, meaninglessness, isolation, freedom
1. These are ultimate concerns that humans must confront.
2. Awareness of these givens creates existential anxiety.
4: According to existential therapy, what are the 3 modes of the world (being in the world
concept)?
Correct Answer: Eigenwelt (own world/private), Mitwelt (with world/public), Umwelt (world
around/natural) + Uberwelt (ideal world)
1. Eigenwelt: relationship with self; Mitwelt: relationship with others; Umwelt: biological/natural
environment.
2. All modes are interconnected.
5: In existential therapy, what is eigenwelt?
Correct Answer: Own world (private world) – relationship with ourselves
1. "This flower is beautiful" means "for me, this flower is beautiful."
2. Focuses on subjective experience.
, 6: In existential therapy, what is mitwelt?
Correct Answer: With world (public world) – relationship with others
1. Refers to interpersonal relationships and social world.
2. The world of people.
7: In existential therapy, what is unwelt?
Correct Answer: World around (natural world) – biological needs, drives, instincts
1. Includes the physical environment and biological urges.
2. The natural world.
8: According to existential therapy, what is anxiety viewed as?
Correct Answer: Anxiety is viewed as part of the human condition, arising from our personal need to
survive, preserve our being, and assert our being. It can be neurotic or normal.
1. Normal anxiety is proportionate to the situation.
2. Neurotic anxiety is disproportionate.
9: Who founded Gestalt therapy? (2 people)
Correct Answer: Frederick Perls (Fritz) and Laura Perls
1. Fritz Perls developed Gestalt therapy in the 1940s-1950s.
2. Laura Perls contributed significantly to its development.
10: What is Gestalt therapy?
Correct Answer: Basic goal is to move from environmental support to self-support through
awareness and self-determination. Goal is to have patient gain more awareness and eventually
support themselves. Focus is on what and how of behavior; focus on the here and now.
1. The word Gestalt means "perceptual whole."
2. Emphasis on process, not content.
11: In Gestalt therapy, what is an impasse?
Correct Answer: A challenge when trying to connect feelings; experiencing a sense of being
paralyzed. It is important to work past this and have patients experience their feelings.
1. Patient is stuck in nonfunctional ways of thinking/behaving.
2. Therapist should reflect on own experiences and share.
12: What are the 3 techniques of Gestalt therapy?
Correct Answer: 1. Topdog vs. Underdog; 2. Empty chair; 3. Fantasy games
1. Topdog/Underdog: self-torture game to avoid anxiety.
2. Empty chair: patient talks to chair as if another person is there.
3. Fantasy games: guided imagery techniques.
13: Who founded Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy (DDP)?
Correct Answer: Daniel Hughes
1. DDP is attachment-focused therapy for children with trauma/neglect.
2. Used primarily for Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD).
Developmental Psychotherapy, Relational-Cultural Therapy,
Transtheoretical Model, Motivational Interviewing (Latest 2026/2027
Update) | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Verified Answers
Subject: NSG 527 – Existential Therapy (May, Yalom, 4 Givens, 3 Worlds), Gestalt Therapy
(Perls, Topdog/Underdog, Empty Chair, Impasse, Phenomenology), Dyadic Developmental
Psychotherapy (Hughes, PACE, RAD), Relational-Cultural Therapy (Miller, Central Relational
Paradox), Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & DiClemente, Stages of Change), Motivational
Interviewing (Miller, OARS, DARN), rTMS, DBS, Erikson's Stages
1: Who founded existential therapy? (2 people)
Correct Answer: Rollo May and Irvin Yalom
1. Rollo May introduced existential therapy to the US in 1958.
2. Yalom wrote the first comprehensive textbook, "Existential Psychotherapy."
2: What is existential therapy?
Correct Answer: A therapy based on the philosophical concern with what it means to be fully
human. You can make changes to the person you want to be. Based on personal relationship
between patient and therapist. Stresses personal freedom in one's fate. Places value on self-
awareness.
1. Focuses on the human condition, not technical rules.
2. Emphasizes authenticity, freedom, and responsibility.
3: What are Yalom's four givens of existence?
Correct Answer: Death, meaninglessness, isolation, freedom
1. These are ultimate concerns that humans must confront.
2. Awareness of these givens creates existential anxiety.
4: According to existential therapy, what are the 3 modes of the world (being in the world
concept)?
Correct Answer: Eigenwelt (own world/private), Mitwelt (with world/public), Umwelt (world
around/natural) + Uberwelt (ideal world)
1. Eigenwelt: relationship with self; Mitwelt: relationship with others; Umwelt: biological/natural
environment.
2. All modes are interconnected.
5: In existential therapy, what is eigenwelt?
Correct Answer: Own world (private world) – relationship with ourselves
1. "This flower is beautiful" means "for me, this flower is beautiful."
2. Focuses on subjective experience.
, 6: In existential therapy, what is mitwelt?
Correct Answer: With world (public world) – relationship with others
1. Refers to interpersonal relationships and social world.
2. The world of people.
7: In existential therapy, what is unwelt?
Correct Answer: World around (natural world) – biological needs, drives, instincts
1. Includes the physical environment and biological urges.
2. The natural world.
8: According to existential therapy, what is anxiety viewed as?
Correct Answer: Anxiety is viewed as part of the human condition, arising from our personal need to
survive, preserve our being, and assert our being. It can be neurotic or normal.
1. Normal anxiety is proportionate to the situation.
2. Neurotic anxiety is disproportionate.
9: Who founded Gestalt therapy? (2 people)
Correct Answer: Frederick Perls (Fritz) and Laura Perls
1. Fritz Perls developed Gestalt therapy in the 1940s-1950s.
2. Laura Perls contributed significantly to its development.
10: What is Gestalt therapy?
Correct Answer: Basic goal is to move from environmental support to self-support through
awareness and self-determination. Goal is to have patient gain more awareness and eventually
support themselves. Focus is on what and how of behavior; focus on the here and now.
1. The word Gestalt means "perceptual whole."
2. Emphasis on process, not content.
11: In Gestalt therapy, what is an impasse?
Correct Answer: A challenge when trying to connect feelings; experiencing a sense of being
paralyzed. It is important to work past this and have patients experience their feelings.
1. Patient is stuck in nonfunctional ways of thinking/behaving.
2. Therapist should reflect on own experiences and share.
12: What are the 3 techniques of Gestalt therapy?
Correct Answer: 1. Topdog vs. Underdog; 2. Empty chair; 3. Fantasy games
1. Topdog/Underdog: self-torture game to avoid anxiety.
2. Empty chair: patient talks to chair as if another person is there.
3. Fantasy games: guided imagery techniques.
13: Who founded Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy (DDP)?
Correct Answer: Daniel Hughes
1. DDP is attachment-focused therapy for children with trauma/neglect.
2. Used primarily for Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD).
