Atom and Molecule
Atom: -Atom is building block of all matter.
It is the smallest constituent unit of matter.
According to modern atomic theory an atom is the smallest particle of an element which
takes part in chemical reaction.
Atomic radius is measured in nanometers.
1m = 10^9nm
NaCL → Na + CL
| |
Molecule Atom
Law of chemical combination
(Lavoisier and L. Proust)
Law of conservation of mass law of constant proportions
In chemical reaction the total mass of reactants will be equal to the total mass the product.
Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reactant.
A (reactant) + B (reactant) → AB (Product)
H2 + O →h2 O
Law of constant proportions
It was given by Joseph Proust.
In chemical reaction compounds always contains the same element present
definite proportion by mass irrespective of their source.
e.g.: 18 gm of H2O = 2gm of H+16gm of O = 2:16=1:8
⇒ 2H2O —2H2+O2
= 4 + 32
Mass= 36
Ratio= 4:32
= 1:8
Dalton's atomic theory
, Every matter made up of very small and ting partials called atom.
Atom is not divisible and cannot be created or destroyed chemical relation. (Law of
conservation of mass).
All atoms of a given element are same in size, mass and chemical properties.
Atom of different elements is different size, mass and chemical properties.
Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole number to form compound.
(Law of constant proportion)
The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant a given compound.
According to Dalton's atomic theory’s
All matter whether an element, compound or mixture is composed of small particles called
atom.
Draw backs of Dalton’s atomic theory
→ Dalton's atomic theory said atoms were indivisible but we now know about electron,
proton and neutron.
→ Dalton's state all atoms of an element have same mass, but isotopes have different masses.
The modern day symbols of atom of different element.
→ Dalton's first scientist to use symbol for elements.
⊙ Hydrogen
⨁ Sulpture
© Copper
℗ Patina
● Carbon
◯ Oxygen
Berzelius suggested that the symbols of element be made from one or two letter name of the
elements.
The names of elements were derived from the name of the place where they were found for
the first time.
E.g.: (Cu) Copper was taken from Cyprus.
(Na) Sodium was taken from Atriums.
(K) Potassium was taken from Kalian.
IUPAC
Atom: -Atom is building block of all matter.
It is the smallest constituent unit of matter.
According to modern atomic theory an atom is the smallest particle of an element which
takes part in chemical reaction.
Atomic radius is measured in nanometers.
1m = 10^9nm
NaCL → Na + CL
| |
Molecule Atom
Law of chemical combination
(Lavoisier and L. Proust)
Law of conservation of mass law of constant proportions
In chemical reaction the total mass of reactants will be equal to the total mass the product.
Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reactant.
A (reactant) + B (reactant) → AB (Product)
H2 + O →h2 O
Law of constant proportions
It was given by Joseph Proust.
In chemical reaction compounds always contains the same element present
definite proportion by mass irrespective of their source.
e.g.: 18 gm of H2O = 2gm of H+16gm of O = 2:16=1:8
⇒ 2H2O —2H2+O2
= 4 + 32
Mass= 36
Ratio= 4:32
= 1:8
Dalton's atomic theory
, Every matter made up of very small and ting partials called atom.
Atom is not divisible and cannot be created or destroyed chemical relation. (Law of
conservation of mass).
All atoms of a given element are same in size, mass and chemical properties.
Atom of different elements is different size, mass and chemical properties.
Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole number to form compound.
(Law of constant proportion)
The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant a given compound.
According to Dalton's atomic theory’s
All matter whether an element, compound or mixture is composed of small particles called
atom.
Draw backs of Dalton’s atomic theory
→ Dalton's atomic theory said atoms were indivisible but we now know about electron,
proton and neutron.
→ Dalton's state all atoms of an element have same mass, but isotopes have different masses.
The modern day symbols of atom of different element.
→ Dalton's first scientist to use symbol for elements.
⊙ Hydrogen
⨁ Sulpture
© Copper
℗ Patina
● Carbon
◯ Oxygen
Berzelius suggested that the symbols of element be made from one or two letter name of the
elements.
The names of elements were derived from the name of the place where they were found for
the first time.
E.g.: (Cu) Copper was taken from Cyprus.
(Na) Sodium was taken from Atriums.
(K) Potassium was taken from Kalian.
IUPAC
