BIOS 252 Midterm Exam 1 (Latest Update
) Anatomy and Physiology IV
with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Molecule
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the smallest unit capable of independent life
and performs all necessary functions.
2. Which type of cell lacks a nucleus?
A. Eukaryotic
B. Prokaryotic
C. Plant
D. Animal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a
membrane-bound nucleus.
,3. What type of bond forms between water molecules?
A. Covalent bond
B. Ionic bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Peptide bond
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of one
water molecule and the oxygen of another.
4. Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for cells?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid
D. Nucleic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose to provide
ATP energy.
5. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation to
generate ATP.
6. Which structure controls what enters and exits the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Plasma membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable,
regulating cellular exchange.
7. Which organelle synthesizes proteins?
A. Ribosome
B. Smooth ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides, forming
proteins.
8. What is the liquid portion of the cytoplasm called?
A. Nucleoplasm
B. Cytosol
C. Plasma
, D. Lysate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cytosol is the aqueous component of cytoplasm where
organelles are suspended.
9. Which organelle packages and modifies proteins for secretion?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Rough ER
C. Lysosome
D. Smooth ER
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins into vesicles.
10. Which organelle digests cellular waste?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down
macromolecules.
11. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
) Anatomy and Physiology IV
with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Molecule
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the smallest unit capable of independent life
and performs all necessary functions.
2. Which type of cell lacks a nucleus?
A. Eukaryotic
B. Prokaryotic
C. Plant
D. Animal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a
membrane-bound nucleus.
,3. What type of bond forms between water molecules?
A. Covalent bond
B. Ionic bond
C. Hydrogen bond
D. Peptide bond
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen of one
water molecule and the oxygen of another.
4. Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for cells?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid
D. Nucleic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose to provide
ATP energy.
5. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation to
generate ATP.
6. Which structure controls what enters and exits the cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Plasma membrane
C. Cytoplasm
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable,
regulating cellular exchange.
7. Which organelle synthesizes proteins?
A. Ribosome
B. Smooth ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides, forming
proteins.
8. What is the liquid portion of the cytoplasm called?
A. Nucleoplasm
B. Cytosol
C. Plasma
, D. Lysate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cytosol is the aqueous component of cytoplasm where
organelles are suspended.
9. Which organelle packages and modifies proteins for secretion?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Rough ER
C. Lysosome
D. Smooth ER
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins into vesicles.
10. Which organelle digests cellular waste?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down
macromolecules.
11. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
