Test Bank for Campbell Biology 13th Edition by Urry
Question and Answer (2026) | Newest Exam
Questions with Explained Answers and Rationales |
Grade A+
Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What
distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive
their nutrition A) from organic matter. B) by preying on animals. C) by ingesting it. D) by
consuming living, rather than dead, prey. E) by using enzymes to digest their food. -
✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 3) The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of
the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat
different foods, and may live in different habitats. Which of the following most directly
favors the evolution of the latter, more radical, kind of metamorphosis? A) natural
selection of sexually immature forms of insects B) changes in the homeobox genes
governing early development C) the evolution of meiosis D) B and C only E) A, B, and C
-✓✓B Topic: Concept 32.1
Application/Analysis665 4) Which of the following is (are) unique to animals? A) cells
that have mitochondria B) the structural carbohydrate, chitin C) nervous conduction and
muscular movement D) heterotrophy E) both A and C -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 5) The number of legs an insect has, the number of
vertebrae in a vertebral column, or the number of joints in a digit (such as a finger) are
all strongly influenced by A) haploid genomes. B) introns within genes. C) heterotic
genes. D) heterogeneous genes. E) Hox genes. -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.1
Application/Analysis 6) What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in
common? A)body cavity between body wall and digestive system B) number of
embryonic tissue layers C) type of body symmetry D) presence of Hox genes E) degree
of cephalization -✓✓D Topic: Concept 32.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 7) The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in
what sequence, from earliest to most recent? 1. identity and position of paired
appendages in protostome embryos 2. formation of water channels in sponges 3.
anterior-posterior orientation of segments in protostome embryos 4. positioning of
tentacles in cnidarians 5. anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos A) 4 1 3 2
5 B) 4 2 3 1 5 C) 4 2 5 3 1 D) 2 4 5 3 1 E) 2 4 3 1 5 -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.1
Synthesis/Evaluation
8) In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are
eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. A
,consequence of this occurrence is that A) we could not clone a larva from the somatic
cells of such an adult insect. B) such species must reproduce only asexually. C) the
descendents of these adults do not include a larval stage. D) metamorphosis can no
longer occur among the descendents of such adults. E) both C and D. -✓✓A Topic:
Concept 32.1
Application/Analysis 9) The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a A)
unicellular chytrid. B) unicellular yeast. C) plant. D) multicellular fungus. E) flagellated
protist. -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 10) Almost all of the major animal body plans seen today
appeared in the fossil record over 500 million years ago at the beginning of the A)
Cambrian period. B) Ediacaran period. C) Permian period. D) Carboniferous period. E)
Cretaceous period. -✓✓A Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 11) Evidence of which structure or characteristic would be
most surprising to find among fossils of the Ediacaran fauna? A) true tissues B) hard
parts C) bilateral symmetry D) cephalization E) embryos -✓✓B Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 12) Which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis
that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey relationships? A)
increased incidence of worm burrows in the fossil record B) increased incidence of
larger animals in the fossil record C) increased incidence of organic material in the fossil
record D) increased incidence of fern galls in the fossil record E) increased incidence of
hard parts in the fossil record -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.2
Application/Analysis 13) Which of these genetic processes may be most helpful in
accounting for the Cambrian explosion? A) binary fission B) mitosis C) random
segregation D) gene duplication E) chromosomal condensation -✓✓D Topic: Concept
32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 14) Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion
is a prime example of A) mass extinction. B) evolutionary stasis. C) adaptive radiation.
D) A and B only E) A, B, and C -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 15) Fossil evidence indicates that the following events
occurred in what sequence, from earliest to most recent? 1. Protostomes invade
terrestrial environments. 2. Cambrian explosion occurs. 3. Deuterostomes invade
terrestrial environments. 4. Vertebrates become top predators in the seas. A) 2 4 3 1 B)
2 1 4 3 C) 2 4 1 3 D) 2 3 1 4 E) 2 1 3 4 -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.2
What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from
earliest to most recent? 1. tetrapods 2. vertebrates 3. deuterostomes 4. amniotes 5.
bilaterians A) 5 3 2 4 1 B) 5 3 2 1 4 C) 5 3 4 2 1 D) 3 5 4 2 1 E) 3 5 2 1 4 -✓✓B Topic:
Concept 32.2
,Knowledge/Comprehension 17) Sponges and cnidarians are among the fossilized
animals found in both the Ediacara Hills and the Burgess Shale from the Rocky
Mountains of British Colombia. This observation requires that A) ancestral sponges and
cnidarians had formerly been terrestrial animals. B) North America and Australia were
united to each other about 550 million years ago (mya). C) land that now comprises the
Ediacara Hills and the Rocky Mountains was underwater about 550 million years ago.
D) only sponges and cnidarians existed at the time the sediments were deposited. -
✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.2
Application/Analysis 18) Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before
vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that A) arthropods evolved before
vertebrates did. B) extant terrestrial arthropods are better adapted to terrestrial life than
are extant terrestrial vertebrates. C) ancestral arthropods must have been poorly
adapted to aquatic life, thus experienced a selective pressure to invade land. D)
vertebrates evolved from arthropods. E) arthropods have had more time to co-evolve
with land plants than have vertebrates. -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.2
Application/Analysis 19) An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most
certainly also A) triploblastic. B) a deuterostome. C) eucoelomate. D) the product of
metamorphosis. E) highly cephalized. -✓✓A Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 20) An obsolete taxon, the ʺRadiata,ʺ included all phyla
whose adults had true radial symmetry. Today, the ʺRadiataʺ is more correctly
considered to be 1. a clade. 2. a grade. 3. monophyletic. 4. paraphyletic. 5. polyphyletic.
A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 3 C) 2 and 4 D) 2 and 5 E) 1, 2, and 3 -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.3
Application/Analysis 21) Soon after the coelom begins to form, a researcher injects a
dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo. Initially, the dye should be able to flow
directly into the A) blastopore. B) blastocoel. C) archenteron. D) pseudocoelom. -✓✓C
Topic: Concept 32.3
Application/Analysis 22) A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based
phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes is
absolutely conserved, which of the following would be the best choice on which to base
the phylogeny? A) genes involved in chitin synthesis B) collagen genes C) beta-catenin
genes D) genes involved in eye-lens synthesis E) genes that cause radial body
symmetry -✓✓B Topic: Concepts 32.1, 32.3
Application/Analysis 23) What is the correct sequence of the following four events
during an animalʹs development? 1. gastrulation 2. metamorphosis 3. fertilization 4.
cleavage A) 4 3 2 1 B) 4 3 1 2 C) 3 2 4 1 D) 3 4 2 1 E) 3 4 1 2 -✓✓E Topic: Concept
32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 670 Chapter 32, An Introduction to Animal Diversity
, 24) At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic
embryo from a triploblastic embryo? A) fertilization B) cleavage C) gastrulation D)
coelom formation E) metamorphosis -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 25) At which developmental stage should one be able to
first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo? A) fertilization B)
cleavage C) gastrulation D) coelom formation E) metamorphosis -✓✓B Topic: Concept
32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 26) What may have occurred to prevent species that are of
the same grade from also belonging to the same clade? A) similar structures arising
independently in different lineages B) convergent evolution among different lineages C)
adaptation by different lineages to the same selective pressures D) A and B only E) A,
B, and C -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 27) Organisms showing radial symmetry would likely A) be
good swimmers. B) have rapid escape behavior. C) move from place to place relatively
slowly, if at all. D) be able to fly. E) have many fins. -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 28) During metamorphosis, echinoderms undergo a
transformation from motile larvae to a sedentary (or sometimes sessile) existence as
adults. What differentiates echinoderm adults, but not their larvae? Adults should A) be
diploblastic. B) have radial symmetry, or something close to it. C) lack mesodermally
derived tissues. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C -✓✓B Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 29) Cephalization is primarily associated with A) adaptation
to dark environments. B) method of reproduction. C) fate of the blastopore. D) type of
digestive system. E) bilateral symmetry. -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 30) Cephalization is most closely associated with which of
the following? A) sedentary lifestyle B) concentration of sensory structures at the
anterior end C) predators, but not prey D) a backbone E) a sessile existence -✓✓B
Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 31) Which of the following is a correctassociation of an
animal germ layer with the tissues or organs to which it gives rise? A) ectoderm: outer
covering of digestive system B) endoderm: internal lining of blood vessels C)
mesoderm: central nervous system D) mesoderm: skin E) endoderm: linings of liver
passageways and lung passageways -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 672 Chapter 32, An Introduction to Animal Diversity
32) You are trying to identify an organism. It is an animal, but it does not have nerve or
muscle tissue. It is neither diploblastic nor triploblastic. It is probably a A) flatworm. B)
jelly. C) comb jelly. D) sponge. E) nematode. -✓✓D Topic: Concept 32.3
Question and Answer (2026) | Newest Exam
Questions with Explained Answers and Rationales |
Grade A+
Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What
distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive
their nutrition A) from organic matter. B) by preying on animals. C) by ingesting it. D) by
consuming living, rather than dead, prey. E) by using enzymes to digest their food. -
✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 3) The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of
the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat
different foods, and may live in different habitats. Which of the following most directly
favors the evolution of the latter, more radical, kind of metamorphosis? A) natural
selection of sexually immature forms of insects B) changes in the homeobox genes
governing early development C) the evolution of meiosis D) B and C only E) A, B, and C
-✓✓B Topic: Concept 32.1
Application/Analysis665 4) Which of the following is (are) unique to animals? A) cells
that have mitochondria B) the structural carbohydrate, chitin C) nervous conduction and
muscular movement D) heterotrophy E) both A and C -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 5) The number of legs an insect has, the number of
vertebrae in a vertebral column, or the number of joints in a digit (such as a finger) are
all strongly influenced by A) haploid genomes. B) introns within genes. C) heterotic
genes. D) heterogeneous genes. E) Hox genes. -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.1
Application/Analysis 6) What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in
common? A)body cavity between body wall and digestive system B) number of
embryonic tissue layers C) type of body symmetry D) presence of Hox genes E) degree
of cephalization -✓✓D Topic: Concept 32.1
Knowledge/Comprehension 7) The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in
what sequence, from earliest to most recent? 1. identity and position of paired
appendages in protostome embryos 2. formation of water channels in sponges 3.
anterior-posterior orientation of segments in protostome embryos 4. positioning of
tentacles in cnidarians 5. anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos A) 4 1 3 2
5 B) 4 2 3 1 5 C) 4 2 5 3 1 D) 2 4 5 3 1 E) 2 4 3 1 5 -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.1
Synthesis/Evaluation
8) In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are
eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. A
,consequence of this occurrence is that A) we could not clone a larva from the somatic
cells of such an adult insect. B) such species must reproduce only asexually. C) the
descendents of these adults do not include a larval stage. D) metamorphosis can no
longer occur among the descendents of such adults. E) both C and D. -✓✓A Topic:
Concept 32.1
Application/Analysis 9) The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a A)
unicellular chytrid. B) unicellular yeast. C) plant. D) multicellular fungus. E) flagellated
protist. -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 10) Almost all of the major animal body plans seen today
appeared in the fossil record over 500 million years ago at the beginning of the A)
Cambrian period. B) Ediacaran period. C) Permian period. D) Carboniferous period. E)
Cretaceous period. -✓✓A Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 11) Evidence of which structure or characteristic would be
most surprising to find among fossils of the Ediacaran fauna? A) true tissues B) hard
parts C) bilateral symmetry D) cephalization E) embryos -✓✓B Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 12) Which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis
that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey relationships? A)
increased incidence of worm burrows in the fossil record B) increased incidence of
larger animals in the fossil record C) increased incidence of organic material in the fossil
record D) increased incidence of fern galls in the fossil record E) increased incidence of
hard parts in the fossil record -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.2
Application/Analysis 13) Which of these genetic processes may be most helpful in
accounting for the Cambrian explosion? A) binary fission B) mitosis C) random
segregation D) gene duplication E) chromosomal condensation -✓✓D Topic: Concept
32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 14) Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion
is a prime example of A) mass extinction. B) evolutionary stasis. C) adaptive radiation.
D) A and B only E) A, B, and C -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 15) Fossil evidence indicates that the following events
occurred in what sequence, from earliest to most recent? 1. Protostomes invade
terrestrial environments. 2. Cambrian explosion occurs. 3. Deuterostomes invade
terrestrial environments. 4. Vertebrates become top predators in the seas. A) 2 4 3 1 B)
2 1 4 3 C) 2 4 1 3 D) 2 3 1 4 E) 2 1 3 4 -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.2
What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from
earliest to most recent? 1. tetrapods 2. vertebrates 3. deuterostomes 4. amniotes 5.
bilaterians A) 5 3 2 4 1 B) 5 3 2 1 4 C) 5 3 4 2 1 D) 3 5 4 2 1 E) 3 5 2 1 4 -✓✓B Topic:
Concept 32.2
,Knowledge/Comprehension 17) Sponges and cnidarians are among the fossilized
animals found in both the Ediacara Hills and the Burgess Shale from the Rocky
Mountains of British Colombia. This observation requires that A) ancestral sponges and
cnidarians had formerly been terrestrial animals. B) North America and Australia were
united to each other about 550 million years ago (mya). C) land that now comprises the
Ediacara Hills and the Rocky Mountains was underwater about 550 million years ago.
D) only sponges and cnidarians existed at the time the sediments were deposited. -
✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.2
Application/Analysis 18) Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before
vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that A) arthropods evolved before
vertebrates did. B) extant terrestrial arthropods are better adapted to terrestrial life than
are extant terrestrial vertebrates. C) ancestral arthropods must have been poorly
adapted to aquatic life, thus experienced a selective pressure to invade land. D)
vertebrates evolved from arthropods. E) arthropods have had more time to co-evolve
with land plants than have vertebrates. -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.2
Application/Analysis 19) An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most
certainly also A) triploblastic. B) a deuterostome. C) eucoelomate. D) the product of
metamorphosis. E) highly cephalized. -✓✓A Topic: Concept 32.2
Knowledge/Comprehension 20) An obsolete taxon, the ʺRadiata,ʺ included all phyla
whose adults had true radial symmetry. Today, the ʺRadiataʺ is more correctly
considered to be 1. a clade. 2. a grade. 3. monophyletic. 4. paraphyletic. 5. polyphyletic.
A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 3 C) 2 and 4 D) 2 and 5 E) 1, 2, and 3 -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.3
Application/Analysis 21) Soon after the coelom begins to form, a researcher injects a
dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo. Initially, the dye should be able to flow
directly into the A) blastopore. B) blastocoel. C) archenteron. D) pseudocoelom. -✓✓C
Topic: Concept 32.3
Application/Analysis 22) A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based
phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes is
absolutely conserved, which of the following would be the best choice on which to base
the phylogeny? A) genes involved in chitin synthesis B) collagen genes C) beta-catenin
genes D) genes involved in eye-lens synthesis E) genes that cause radial body
symmetry -✓✓B Topic: Concepts 32.1, 32.3
Application/Analysis 23) What is the correct sequence of the following four events
during an animalʹs development? 1. gastrulation 2. metamorphosis 3. fertilization 4.
cleavage A) 4 3 2 1 B) 4 3 1 2 C) 3 2 4 1 D) 3 4 2 1 E) 3 4 1 2 -✓✓E Topic: Concept
32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 670 Chapter 32, An Introduction to Animal Diversity
, 24) At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic
embryo from a triploblastic embryo? A) fertilization B) cleavage C) gastrulation D)
coelom formation E) metamorphosis -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 25) At which developmental stage should one be able to
first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo? A) fertilization B)
cleavage C) gastrulation D) coelom formation E) metamorphosis -✓✓B Topic: Concept
32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 26) What may have occurred to prevent species that are of
the same grade from also belonging to the same clade? A) similar structures arising
independently in different lineages B) convergent evolution among different lineages C)
adaptation by different lineages to the same selective pressures D) A and B only E) A,
B, and C -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 27) Organisms showing radial symmetry would likely A) be
good swimmers. B) have rapid escape behavior. C) move from place to place relatively
slowly, if at all. D) be able to fly. E) have many fins. -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 28) During metamorphosis, echinoderms undergo a
transformation from motile larvae to a sedentary (or sometimes sessile) existence as
adults. What differentiates echinoderm adults, but not their larvae? Adults should A) be
diploblastic. B) have radial symmetry, or something close to it. C) lack mesodermally
derived tissues. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C -✓✓B Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 29) Cephalization is primarily associated with A) adaptation
to dark environments. B) method of reproduction. C) fate of the blastopore. D) type of
digestive system. E) bilateral symmetry. -✓✓E Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 30) Cephalization is most closely associated with which of
the following? A) sedentary lifestyle B) concentration of sensory structures at the
anterior end C) predators, but not prey D) a backbone E) a sessile existence -✓✓B
Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 31) Which of the following is a correctassociation of an
animal germ layer with the tissues or organs to which it gives rise? A) ectoderm: outer
covering of digestive system B) endoderm: internal lining of blood vessels C)
mesoderm: central nervous system D) mesoderm: skin E) endoderm: linings of liver
passageways and lung passageways -✓✓C Topic: Concept 32.3
Knowledge/Comprehension 672 Chapter 32, An Introduction to Animal Diversity
32) You are trying to identify an organism. It is an animal, but it does not have nerve or
muscle tissue. It is neither diploblastic nor triploblastic. It is probably a A) flatworm. B)
jelly. C) comb jelly. D) sponge. E) nematode. -✓✓D Topic: Concept 32.3
