FUNDAMENTALS KAPLAN INTEGRATED TEST REVIEW –QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS
RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF.
Core Domains
- Basic Nursing Care and Comfort- Safety and Infection Control- Health Promotion and Maintenance- Psychosocial Integrity- Pharmacological and
Parenteral Therapies- Physiological Adaptation- Management of Care and Ethical Practice- Documentation and Informatics
Introduction
This comprehensive assessment is designed to evaluate foundational nursing knowledge and clinical judgment essential for entry-level practice. The
exam focuses on the integration of nursing theory with practical application, ensuring candidates possess the critical thinking skills necessary for
safe and effective patient care. Each question is structured to simulate real-world clinical scenarios, requiring the examinee to prioritize interventions
and make sound ethical decisions. By covering a broad range of core competencies, this test bank serves as a rigorous review tool to identify
strengths and areas for improvement, ultimately preparing students for the demands of integrated nursing examinations.
Section One: Questions 1–100
1. A nurse is preparing to administer an enteral feeding to a client via a nasogastric tube. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Verify the placement of the tube.
B. Check the gastric residual volume.
C. Elevate the head of the bed to 30 degrees.
D. Flush the tube with 30 mL of water.
🟢 Correct answer A. Verify the placement of the tube.
🔴 RATIONALE: The priority action before using a nasogastric tube for any purpose is to verify its placement to prevent aspiration into the
respiratory tract.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for pressure injury development. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care?
A. Massage bony prominences daily.
B. Use a donut-shaped cushion when sitting.
C. Reposition the client every 2 hours.
D. Apply cornstarch to the skin folds.
🟢 Correct answer C. Reposition the client every 2 hours.
🔴 RATIONALE: Frequent repositioning relieves pressure on tissues and is a standard preventative measure. Massaging bony prominences can
cause further tissue damage.
, 3. Which of the following legal documents allows a client to appoint a specific person to make medical decisions if the client becomes
incapacitated?
A. Living Will
B. Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare
C. Informed Consent
D. Patient's Bill of Rights
🟢 Correct answer B. Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare
🔴 RATIONALE: A Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare designates a health care proxy to make decisions on the client's behalf when they
cannot do so.
4. A nurse is performing hand hygiene. How long should the nurse scrub their hands with soap and water?
A. 5 seconds
B. 10 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 60 seconds
🟢 Correct answer C. 20 seconds
🔴 RATIONALE: The CDC recommends scrubbing hands for at least 20 seconds to effectively remove transient microorganisms.
5. A client who is non-ambulatory is being transferred from the bed to a chair. Which action by the nurse demonstrates proper body mechanics?
A. Bending at the waist to lift the client.
B. Keeping the feet close together for stability.
C. Lifting with the back muscles.
D. Flexing the knees and hips while lifting.
🟢 Correct answer D. Flexing the knees and hips while lifting.
🔴 RATIONALE: Using the large muscles of the legs rather than the back reduces the risk of injury and provides better leverage during transfers.
6. A nurse is assessing a client's radial pulse and notes it is irregular. What should be the nurse's next action?
A. Document the finding as normal.
B. Palpate the carotid pulse for 30 seconds.
C. Count the apical pulse for one full minute.
D. Administer a PRN dose of digoxin.
🟢 Correct answer C. Count the apical pulse for one full minute.
🔴 RATIONALE: An apical pulse taken for a full minute is the most accurate method to assess heart rate and rhythm when an irregularity is
detected.
, 7. Which step of the nursing process involves the nurse determining if the client's goals and outcomes have been met?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
🟢 Correct answer D. Evaluation
🔴 RATIONALE: Evaluation is the final step where the nurse compares the client's current status with the desired outcomes to determine the
effectiveness of the care plan.
8. A client has a prescription for a clear liquid diet. Which item can the nurse provide?
A. Vanilla pudding
B. Chicken broth
C. Orange juice with pulp
D. Low-fat yogurt
🟢 Correct answer B. Chicken broth
🔴 RATIONALE: Clear liquids are those that are transparent and liquid at room temperature; broth fits this criteria, whereas pudding and yogurt are
full liquids.
9. A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change. Which action would break the sterile field?
A. Opening the sterile pack away from the body.
B. Keeping the sterile gloved hands above the waist.
C. Reaching over the sterile field to pick up a gauze.
D. Placing the sterile drape on a clean, dry surface.
🟢 Correct answer C. Reaching over the sterile field to pick up a gauze.
🔴 RATIONALE: Reaching over a sterile field introduces microorganisms from the nurse's sleeves or skin, thereby contaminating the field.
10. A nurse is caring for a client with a localized infection. Which of the following is a systemic sign of infection?
A. Redness (erythema)
B. Edema (swelling)
C. Fever (pyrexia)
D. Pain at the site
🟢 Correct answer C. Fever (pyrexia)
🔴 RATIONALE: Fever is a systemic response to infection, whereas redness, edema, and pain are localized inflammatory responses.
RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF.
Core Domains
- Basic Nursing Care and Comfort- Safety and Infection Control- Health Promotion and Maintenance- Psychosocial Integrity- Pharmacological and
Parenteral Therapies- Physiological Adaptation- Management of Care and Ethical Practice- Documentation and Informatics
Introduction
This comprehensive assessment is designed to evaluate foundational nursing knowledge and clinical judgment essential for entry-level practice. The
exam focuses on the integration of nursing theory with practical application, ensuring candidates possess the critical thinking skills necessary for
safe and effective patient care. Each question is structured to simulate real-world clinical scenarios, requiring the examinee to prioritize interventions
and make sound ethical decisions. By covering a broad range of core competencies, this test bank serves as a rigorous review tool to identify
strengths and areas for improvement, ultimately preparing students for the demands of integrated nursing examinations.
Section One: Questions 1–100
1. A nurse is preparing to administer an enteral feeding to a client via a nasogastric tube. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Verify the placement of the tube.
B. Check the gastric residual volume.
C. Elevate the head of the bed to 30 degrees.
D. Flush the tube with 30 mL of water.
🟢 Correct answer A. Verify the placement of the tube.
🔴 RATIONALE: The priority action before using a nasogastric tube for any purpose is to verify its placement to prevent aspiration into the
respiratory tract.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for pressure injury development. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care?
A. Massage bony prominences daily.
B. Use a donut-shaped cushion when sitting.
C. Reposition the client every 2 hours.
D. Apply cornstarch to the skin folds.
🟢 Correct answer C. Reposition the client every 2 hours.
🔴 RATIONALE: Frequent repositioning relieves pressure on tissues and is a standard preventative measure. Massaging bony prominences can
cause further tissue damage.
, 3. Which of the following legal documents allows a client to appoint a specific person to make medical decisions if the client becomes
incapacitated?
A. Living Will
B. Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare
C. Informed Consent
D. Patient's Bill of Rights
🟢 Correct answer B. Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare
🔴 RATIONALE: A Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare designates a health care proxy to make decisions on the client's behalf when they
cannot do so.
4. A nurse is performing hand hygiene. How long should the nurse scrub their hands with soap and water?
A. 5 seconds
B. 10 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 60 seconds
🟢 Correct answer C. 20 seconds
🔴 RATIONALE: The CDC recommends scrubbing hands for at least 20 seconds to effectively remove transient microorganisms.
5. A client who is non-ambulatory is being transferred from the bed to a chair. Which action by the nurse demonstrates proper body mechanics?
A. Bending at the waist to lift the client.
B. Keeping the feet close together for stability.
C. Lifting with the back muscles.
D. Flexing the knees and hips while lifting.
🟢 Correct answer D. Flexing the knees and hips while lifting.
🔴 RATIONALE: Using the large muscles of the legs rather than the back reduces the risk of injury and provides better leverage during transfers.
6. A nurse is assessing a client's radial pulse and notes it is irregular. What should be the nurse's next action?
A. Document the finding as normal.
B. Palpate the carotid pulse for 30 seconds.
C. Count the apical pulse for one full minute.
D. Administer a PRN dose of digoxin.
🟢 Correct answer C. Count the apical pulse for one full minute.
🔴 RATIONALE: An apical pulse taken for a full minute is the most accurate method to assess heart rate and rhythm when an irregularity is
detected.
, 7. Which step of the nursing process involves the nurse determining if the client's goals and outcomes have been met?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
🟢 Correct answer D. Evaluation
🔴 RATIONALE: Evaluation is the final step where the nurse compares the client's current status with the desired outcomes to determine the
effectiveness of the care plan.
8. A client has a prescription for a clear liquid diet. Which item can the nurse provide?
A. Vanilla pudding
B. Chicken broth
C. Orange juice with pulp
D. Low-fat yogurt
🟢 Correct answer B. Chicken broth
🔴 RATIONALE: Clear liquids are those that are transparent and liquid at room temperature; broth fits this criteria, whereas pudding and yogurt are
full liquids.
9. A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change. Which action would break the sterile field?
A. Opening the sterile pack away from the body.
B. Keeping the sterile gloved hands above the waist.
C. Reaching over the sterile field to pick up a gauze.
D. Placing the sterile drape on a clean, dry surface.
🟢 Correct answer C. Reaching over the sterile field to pick up a gauze.
🔴 RATIONALE: Reaching over a sterile field introduces microorganisms from the nurse's sleeves or skin, thereby contaminating the field.
10. A nurse is caring for a client with a localized infection. Which of the following is a systemic sign of infection?
A. Redness (erythema)
B. Edema (swelling)
C. Fever (pyrexia)
D. Pain at the site
🟢 Correct answer C. Fever (pyrexia)
🔴 RATIONALE: Fever is a systemic response to infection, whereas redness, edema, and pain are localized inflammatory responses.
