HESI A2: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Truculent - ANS Eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant
xpl: His days of TRUCULENT defiance were over
*Sagittal Section* - ANS MEDIAN PLANE
*Frontal Section* - ANS CORONAL PLANE
*Cross-Section* - ANS TRANSVERSE PLANE
*What is the anatomic position?* - ANS The body is erect, feet slightly apart, the head is held
high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward
*Superior is* - ANS ABOVE
*Inferior is* - ANS BELOW
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,*Anterior is* - ANS FACING FORWARD
*Posterior is* - ANS TOWARD THE BACK
*Medial is* - ANS TOWARD THE MIDLINE
*Lateral is* - ANS AWAY from the MIDLINE
*Proximal is* - ANS CLOSER to the point of attachment
*Distal is* - ANS FURTHER away from the point of attachment
Dorsal Body cavity includes what? - ANS Cranial and Spinal Nerves
Ventral Body cavity includes what? - ANS The orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, and
abdominopelvic cavities
*Histology is the study of what?* - ANS TISSUES!
A Tissue is a? - ANS Group of cells that act together to perform specific functions
What are the 4 Fundamental Tissues of the Human Body? - ANS Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Muscle Tissue
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 36
,Epithelial Cells do what? - ANS Cover, line, and protect the body its internal organs
Connective Tissue is the framework of? - ANS The body, providing support and structure for
the organs
Nerve Tissue is composed of? - ANS Neurons and connective tissue cells
*What is a neuroglia?* - ANS A connective tissue nerve cells
Muscle tissue have the ability to? - ANS Contract or shorten
Muscle tissue is classified as? - ANS Voluntary Muscles and Involuntary Muscles
What muscles are voluntary? - ANS Skeletal Muscles
What muscles are involuntary? - ANS Smooth Muscles
*What is the basic unit of life?* - ANS A CELL!
*Who is the building block of tissues and organs?* - ANS A CELL!
What does a nucleus contain? - ANS Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribosomes
What is the job of a ribosome? - ANS Synthesizes proteins
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 36
, What do proteins include? - ANS Enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the
body
*What is MITOSIS necessary for?* - ANS Growth and repair
*What happens during the process of MITOSIS?* - ANS The DNA is duplicated and distributed
evenly to two daughter cells
*MEIOSIS is specializes in?* - ANS Cells division that takes place in the gonads, which is the
ovaries and the testes
*What happens during the process of MEIOSIS?* - ANS The chromosome number is reduced
from 46 to 23
*When the egg and sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number of
chromosomes, this process takes place where?* - ANS MEIOSIS!
What is the largest organ of the body? - ANS THE SKIN!
What are the two layers of the skin? - ANS EPIDERMIS and the DERMIS
*The EPIDERMIS is the* - ANS Outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells
*The DERMIS is the* - ANS Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and the associated skin structures
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 36
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Truculent - ANS Eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant
xpl: His days of TRUCULENT defiance were over
*Sagittal Section* - ANS MEDIAN PLANE
*Frontal Section* - ANS CORONAL PLANE
*Cross-Section* - ANS TRANSVERSE PLANE
*What is the anatomic position?* - ANS The body is erect, feet slightly apart, the head is held
high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward
*Superior is* - ANS ABOVE
*Inferior is* - ANS BELOW
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 36
,*Anterior is* - ANS FACING FORWARD
*Posterior is* - ANS TOWARD THE BACK
*Medial is* - ANS TOWARD THE MIDLINE
*Lateral is* - ANS AWAY from the MIDLINE
*Proximal is* - ANS CLOSER to the point of attachment
*Distal is* - ANS FURTHER away from the point of attachment
Dorsal Body cavity includes what? - ANS Cranial and Spinal Nerves
Ventral Body cavity includes what? - ANS The orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, and
abdominopelvic cavities
*Histology is the study of what?* - ANS TISSUES!
A Tissue is a? - ANS Group of cells that act together to perform specific functions
What are the 4 Fundamental Tissues of the Human Body? - ANS Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Muscle Tissue
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 36
,Epithelial Cells do what? - ANS Cover, line, and protect the body its internal organs
Connective Tissue is the framework of? - ANS The body, providing support and structure for
the organs
Nerve Tissue is composed of? - ANS Neurons and connective tissue cells
*What is a neuroglia?* - ANS A connective tissue nerve cells
Muscle tissue have the ability to? - ANS Contract or shorten
Muscle tissue is classified as? - ANS Voluntary Muscles and Involuntary Muscles
What muscles are voluntary? - ANS Skeletal Muscles
What muscles are involuntary? - ANS Smooth Muscles
*What is the basic unit of life?* - ANS A CELL!
*Who is the building block of tissues and organs?* - ANS A CELL!
What does a nucleus contain? - ANS Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribosomes
What is the job of a ribosome? - ANS Synthesizes proteins
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 36
, What do proteins include? - ANS Enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the
body
*What is MITOSIS necessary for?* - ANS Growth and repair
*What happens during the process of MITOSIS?* - ANS The DNA is duplicated and distributed
evenly to two daughter cells
*MEIOSIS is specializes in?* - ANS Cells division that takes place in the gonads, which is the
ovaries and the testes
*What happens during the process of MEIOSIS?* - ANS The chromosome number is reduced
from 46 to 23
*When the egg and sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number of
chromosomes, this process takes place where?* - ANS MEIOSIS!
What is the largest organ of the body? - ANS THE SKIN!
What are the two layers of the skin? - ANS EPIDERMIS and the DERMIS
*The EPIDERMIS is the* - ANS Outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells
*The DERMIS is the* - ANS Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and the associated skin structures
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 36
