NRSG 245 TEST 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Intracellular fluid anions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Phosphate
Intracellular fluid cations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Magnesium, potassium, sodium
Intracellular fluid volume - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅40%
Extracellular fluid volume - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅20%
Extracellular fluid cations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium
Extracellular fluid anions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Chloride, phosphate
Osmolarity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The concentration of solutes in body fluids. Critical for maintaining
cellular function and fluid balance
Fluid volume deficit manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Low bp, high hedrtrate, weakness, muscle
cramps, dry feel
Fluid volume excess manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Edema, high bp, difficulty breathing,
crackles in lungs
Causes of fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Heart failure
How to treat hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Give a diuretic
Role of sodium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Regulates extracellular fluid volume and is crucial for
transmitting nerve impulses
, Role of potassium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Essential for cardiac and muscular function, with imbalances
risking arrhythmias
Role of calcium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Supports bone health and plays key role in neurotransmission
Role of magnesium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Essential for muscle and nerve function and bone health
Crystalloids - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Crystalloids are IV fluids made of water and electrolytes that
readily cross capillarywalls. These fluids distribute quickly into both intravascular and interstitial spaces.
Usedfor short-term fluid maintenance and to treat fluid volume deficits such asdehydration or mild-
moderate fluid loss.Examples: 0.9% NS, Lactated Ringers, D5W.
Colloids - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Colloids contain large molecules, usually proteins or starches, that
cannot easily cross capillary walls. Useful when rapid plasma volume expansion is needed such as,
severe hypovolemia, shock, burns. Examples: blood products, albumin.
Correcting fluid volume deficit - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Oral rehydration, electrolyte solutions,
crystalloid solutions, blood/blood products
Correcting fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Restricting fluid and sodium intake, treat
underlying causes
Water soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dissolve in water. Excreted by kidneys and minimally
stored in the body. Will cause bright urine as it goes right through you
Fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dissolve in fat. Stored in body's fat tissues and liver. Can be
stored for extended periods of time. Vitamin ADEK
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"What" the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How the body processes the medicine. "ADME"
Intracellular fluid anions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Phosphate
Intracellular fluid cations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Magnesium, potassium, sodium
Intracellular fluid volume - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅40%
Extracellular fluid volume - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅20%
Extracellular fluid cations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium
Extracellular fluid anions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Chloride, phosphate
Osmolarity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The concentration of solutes in body fluids. Critical for maintaining
cellular function and fluid balance
Fluid volume deficit manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Low bp, high hedrtrate, weakness, muscle
cramps, dry feel
Fluid volume excess manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Edema, high bp, difficulty breathing,
crackles in lungs
Causes of fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Heart failure
How to treat hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Give a diuretic
Role of sodium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Regulates extracellular fluid volume and is crucial for
transmitting nerve impulses
, Role of potassium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Essential for cardiac and muscular function, with imbalances
risking arrhythmias
Role of calcium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Supports bone health and plays key role in neurotransmission
Role of magnesium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Essential for muscle and nerve function and bone health
Crystalloids - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Crystalloids are IV fluids made of water and electrolytes that
readily cross capillarywalls. These fluids distribute quickly into both intravascular and interstitial spaces.
Usedfor short-term fluid maintenance and to treat fluid volume deficits such asdehydration or mild-
moderate fluid loss.Examples: 0.9% NS, Lactated Ringers, D5W.
Colloids - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Colloids contain large molecules, usually proteins or starches, that
cannot easily cross capillary walls. Useful when rapid plasma volume expansion is needed such as,
severe hypovolemia, shock, burns. Examples: blood products, albumin.
Correcting fluid volume deficit - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Oral rehydration, electrolyte solutions,
crystalloid solutions, blood/blood products
Correcting fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Restricting fluid and sodium intake, treat
underlying causes
Water soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dissolve in water. Excreted by kidneys and minimally
stored in the body. Will cause bright urine as it goes right through you
Fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dissolve in fat. Stored in body's fat tissues and liver. Can be
stored for extended periods of time. Vitamin ADEK
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"What" the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅How the body processes the medicine. "ADME"
