BIOLOGY 1001 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Cell theory - ANS 1)All living organisms are made of cells
2) All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division
3)The cell is the basic structural unit of organization in organisms
Prokaryotes - ANS - no membrane bound organelles
- nucleoid (not membrane bound enclosed
- smaller (1 -5 Mm)
ex. bacteria and archea
Organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures.
Eukaryote - ANS - nucleus bound by double membrane
- membrane bound organelles
- larger (10-100 Mm)
ex. protists, fungi, animals, plants
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
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,cytosol - ANS semifluid jelly substance where cell components are suspended
- composes cytoplasm
(All Cells)
The semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm
Chromosome - ANS -carry genes in the form of DNA
(All Cells)
- each is one long DNA molecule
-associated with proteins
- DNA and proteins together are chromatin
A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Chromatin - ANS -The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome.
-loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase
-DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
Ribosomes - ANS -tiny complexes that make up proteins
-in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
-complexes of rRNA and Protein
-cellular components that carry out protein synthesis
-not membrane bound (float freely in cytosol)
-lot of protein synthesis (muscle) would have many ribosomes
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,Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins
Free Ribosomes - ANS suspended in the cytosol
makes proteins destined to stay inside the cell
Bound Ribosomes - ANS attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
makes proteins destined for the cell membrane or to exit the cell
attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell
Nucleus - ANS - Eukaryotic
-info center of the cell
- contains most of the genes of DNA on Chromosomes
- easiest to recognize
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Mitochondria - ANS -all organelles from mom
-carry some DNA
-Eukaryotic
-supply energy to the cell through cellular respiration
- ATP generation by extracting energy from sugars and fats
- inner membrane has greater surface area because of folds
Nuclear Envelope - ANS -encloses the nucleus
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, -double membrane bound
-regulates passage of DNA
-the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
Endomembrane system - ANS - includes nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum,
lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, and plasma membrane
-
Nuclear Envelope
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma Membrane
regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell
system of membranes that are interconnected organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANS -accounts for more than half of the total membrane in
most eukaryotic cells
- eukaryotic
-involves the smooth and rough ER
- network of membranes in the form of flattened sacs or tubules
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANS - contains bound ribosomes
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ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Cell theory - ANS 1)All living organisms are made of cells
2) All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division
3)The cell is the basic structural unit of organization in organisms
Prokaryotes - ANS - no membrane bound organelles
- nucleoid (not membrane bound enclosed
- smaller (1 -5 Mm)
ex. bacteria and archea
Organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures.
Eukaryote - ANS - nucleus bound by double membrane
- membrane bound organelles
- larger (10-100 Mm)
ex. protists, fungi, animals, plants
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 38
,cytosol - ANS semifluid jelly substance where cell components are suspended
- composes cytoplasm
(All Cells)
The semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm
Chromosome - ANS -carry genes in the form of DNA
(All Cells)
- each is one long DNA molecule
-associated with proteins
- DNA and proteins together are chromatin
A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Chromatin - ANS -The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome.
-loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase
-DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
Ribosomes - ANS -tiny complexes that make up proteins
-in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
-complexes of rRNA and Protein
-cellular components that carry out protein synthesis
-not membrane bound (float freely in cytosol)
-lot of protein synthesis (muscle) would have many ribosomes
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 38
,Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins
Free Ribosomes - ANS suspended in the cytosol
makes proteins destined to stay inside the cell
Bound Ribosomes - ANS attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
makes proteins destined for the cell membrane or to exit the cell
attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell
Nucleus - ANS - Eukaryotic
-info center of the cell
- contains most of the genes of DNA on Chromosomes
- easiest to recognize
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Mitochondria - ANS -all organelles from mom
-carry some DNA
-Eukaryotic
-supply energy to the cell through cellular respiration
- ATP generation by extracting energy from sugars and fats
- inner membrane has greater surface area because of folds
Nuclear Envelope - ANS -encloses the nucleus
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 38
, -double membrane bound
-regulates passage of DNA
-the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
Endomembrane system - ANS - includes nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum,
lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, and plasma membrane
-
Nuclear Envelope
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma Membrane
regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell
system of membranes that are interconnected organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANS -accounts for more than half of the total membrane in
most eukaryotic cells
- eukaryotic
-involves the smooth and rough ER
- network of membranes in the form of flattened sacs or tubules
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANS - contains bound ribosomes
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 38
