BIO 1002 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What plant cell type is characterized by a large central vacuole and is known for repair and food
storage? - ANS Parenchyma cells.
What is the likely effect of a mutation causing spongy parenchyma to have the same structure
as palisade parenchyma? - ANS The plant will be less efficient at gas exchange due to reduced
diffusion of gases within the leaf.
In an experiment where light reactions are blocked, how does the rate of the Calvin Cycle
compare between a plant kept in the dark versus one kept in the light? - ANS The rate will be
the same in both plants because the Calvin Cycle relies on the products of the light reactions
(ATP and NADPH) produced prior to the blockage.
What does the absence of sperm in the distal reproductive ducts despite normal
spermatogenesis suggest? - ANS Surgical interruption of the vas deferens preventing
transportation of sperm.
What is the outcome if the second sperm cell fails to fuse with the central cell in double
fertilization? - ANS A viable embryo forms, but endosperm development fails, leading to
aborted seed development.
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, How does a mutation in the H+-ATPase pump that brings two hydrogen ions into the root hair
per ATP hydrolyzed affect the plant? - ANS Phosphate uptake decreases due to reduced
acidification of the soil.
Why does photosynthesis decline when leaves wilt? - ANS Stomata close to limit further
water loss, which restricts CO2 entry into the leaf.
How many ATP molecules are hydrolyzed in the Calvin cycle to produce enough G3P for the
synthesis of two glucose molecules? - ANS 36 ATP molecules.
How can tall trees survive in soil with extremely low levels of nitrogen? - ANS Plant-bacteria
symbioses provide plants with ammonia (NH3).
How are light, CO2, water, and mineral ions classified in plant biology? - ANS Limiting factors.
What happens to the pH in the thylakoid lumen during photosynthesis? - ANS It will decrease
due to an accumulation of H+ in the lumen.
How does abscisic acid (ABA) act as a weed killer? - ANS The plant has decreased
photosynthesis due to reduced CO2 uptake caused by stomatal closure.
What is the primary function of the cuticle layer in plants? - ANS To reduce water loss and
protect the plant from environmental stressors.
What is the role of the central vacuole in plant cells? - ANS It maintains turgor pressure,
stores nutrients, and degrades waste products.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 8
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What plant cell type is characterized by a large central vacuole and is known for repair and food
storage? - ANS Parenchyma cells.
What is the likely effect of a mutation causing spongy parenchyma to have the same structure
as palisade parenchyma? - ANS The plant will be less efficient at gas exchange due to reduced
diffusion of gases within the leaf.
In an experiment where light reactions are blocked, how does the rate of the Calvin Cycle
compare between a plant kept in the dark versus one kept in the light? - ANS The rate will be
the same in both plants because the Calvin Cycle relies on the products of the light reactions
(ATP and NADPH) produced prior to the blockage.
What does the absence of sperm in the distal reproductive ducts despite normal
spermatogenesis suggest? - ANS Surgical interruption of the vas deferens preventing
transportation of sperm.
What is the outcome if the second sperm cell fails to fuse with the central cell in double
fertilization? - ANS A viable embryo forms, but endosperm development fails, leading to
aborted seed development.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 8
, How does a mutation in the H+-ATPase pump that brings two hydrogen ions into the root hair
per ATP hydrolyzed affect the plant? - ANS Phosphate uptake decreases due to reduced
acidification of the soil.
Why does photosynthesis decline when leaves wilt? - ANS Stomata close to limit further
water loss, which restricts CO2 entry into the leaf.
How many ATP molecules are hydrolyzed in the Calvin cycle to produce enough G3P for the
synthesis of two glucose molecules? - ANS 36 ATP molecules.
How can tall trees survive in soil with extremely low levels of nitrogen? - ANS Plant-bacteria
symbioses provide plants with ammonia (NH3).
How are light, CO2, water, and mineral ions classified in plant biology? - ANS Limiting factors.
What happens to the pH in the thylakoid lumen during photosynthesis? - ANS It will decrease
due to an accumulation of H+ in the lumen.
How does abscisic acid (ABA) act as a weed killer? - ANS The plant has decreased
photosynthesis due to reduced CO2 uptake caused by stomatal closure.
What is the primary function of the cuticle layer in plants? - ANS To reduce water loss and
protect the plant from environmental stressors.
What is the role of the central vacuole in plant cells? - ANS It maintains turgor pressure,
stores nutrients, and degrades waste products.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 8
