Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within
the body, metabolized, and excreted.
The route of administration with highest bioavailability - ANSWER intravenous
steady state (SS) is reached in what time frame - ANSWER 4-5 half lives of a drug
zero order (non-linear) pharmacokinetics - ANSWER drug is metabolized at a constant
rate per unit time
Steps of drug development - ANSWER phase 1 preclinical research with animal testing
phase 2 human subjects for med safety
Phase 3 humans comparing drug to accepted meds or placebo
FDA review of results
post-marketing study
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MOA - ANSWER lower blood pressure by
inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent
vasoconstrictor)
ACEIs ending - ANSWER -pril
Important side effects of ACEIs (2) - ANSWER cough, angioedema
1
, ARBs end in? - ANSWER -sartan
ARBs MOA - ANSWER Block angiotensin-2 type 1 receptors (AT1 receptor)
Decrease BP via arteriolar and venous dilation
Block aldosterone secretion (decreased Na2+ and H2O retention)
Does NOT increase Bradykinin levels
Decrease diabetic nephrotoxicity
% of htn that are essential (primary) - ANSWER 90%
nitrates are contraindicated for pts w/ - ANSWER PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil and varden-
afil)
Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation results in - ANSWER vasoconstriction and increased blood
pressure
Alpha 1 adrenergic blockade results in - ANSWER vasodilation and reduced blood pres-
sure
Beta 1 adrenergic stimulation by beta agonists results in - ANSWER increased heart rate,
increased blood pressure, increased cardiac output
Beta blockers ending - ANSWER -olol
nonselective beta blockers - ANSWER propranolol, timolol, nadolol, pindolol
Selective beta blockers - ANSWER Block only beta-1 (cardiac) (atenolol, metoprolol)
2
the body, metabolized, and excreted.
The route of administration with highest bioavailability - ANSWER intravenous
steady state (SS) is reached in what time frame - ANSWER 4-5 half lives of a drug
zero order (non-linear) pharmacokinetics - ANSWER drug is metabolized at a constant
rate per unit time
Steps of drug development - ANSWER phase 1 preclinical research with animal testing
phase 2 human subjects for med safety
Phase 3 humans comparing drug to accepted meds or placebo
FDA review of results
post-marketing study
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MOA - ANSWER lower blood pressure by
inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent
vasoconstrictor)
ACEIs ending - ANSWER -pril
Important side effects of ACEIs (2) - ANSWER cough, angioedema
1
, ARBs end in? - ANSWER -sartan
ARBs MOA - ANSWER Block angiotensin-2 type 1 receptors (AT1 receptor)
Decrease BP via arteriolar and venous dilation
Block aldosterone secretion (decreased Na2+ and H2O retention)
Does NOT increase Bradykinin levels
Decrease diabetic nephrotoxicity
% of htn that are essential (primary) - ANSWER 90%
nitrates are contraindicated for pts w/ - ANSWER PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil and varden-
afil)
Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation results in - ANSWER vasoconstriction and increased blood
pressure
Alpha 1 adrenergic blockade results in - ANSWER vasodilation and reduced blood pres-
sure
Beta 1 adrenergic stimulation by beta agonists results in - ANSWER increased heart rate,
increased blood pressure, increased cardiac output
Beta blockers ending - ANSWER -olol
nonselective beta blockers - ANSWER propranolol, timolol, nadolol, pindolol
Selective beta blockers - ANSWER Block only beta-1 (cardiac) (atenolol, metoprolol)
2
