NUSC 1165 EXAM 2 (CHEA) QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What happens to nutrients after digestion and absorption? - ANS blood vessel collect
nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs and delivers them to the liver
lymphatic system: three principle functions - ANS 1. collect and return interstitial fluid,
including plasma protein to the blood
2. to defened the body against disease by producing lymphotcytes and cleansing body fluids
3. to absorb lipids from the intestine and transport them to the blood
final destination of nutrients: the cell - ANS blood carries nutrients to the cells, nutrients
cross cell membranes -->
inside the cell, nutrietnts are used for energy or to build substances for the body
mitochondria - ANS produces ATP
ribosomes - ANS makes protein
metabolic reactions - ANS series of chemical reactions inside an organism; may require
coenzymes; results in the transformation of one molecule to another
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,anabolism - ANS smaller molecules combine to form complex structures
catabolism - ANS breaking down substances for energy
cellular respiration: how ATP is produced - ANS carbs --> glucose
proteins --> amino acids
lipids --> fatty acids
acetyl coA is then metabolized in the citric acid cycle and electron transport
overall end product: CO2, water, ATP
what are the overall end products of cellular respiration? - ANS CO2, water, ATP
what is the storage form of carbs in muscles? - ANS glycogen
what is the storage form of fat? - ANS triglycerides
how are substances that are unable to be absorbed by the body excreted? - ANS things such
as fiber, is excreted via GI tract in feces
what are the organs that have a role in eliminating metabolic waste? - ANS lungs, kidneys,
skin
products eliminated from lungs and skin - ANS CO2 and water
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,products eliminated from urinary system - ANS water, "waste products"
kidneys - ANS part of the urinary system and is the primary site where excess water,
metabolic waste products and minerals are excreted
nephrons - ANS functional unit; filters blood and maintains fluid balance
glomerulus - ANS ball of capillaries located within the nephron; filters blood during urine
formation
reabsorption of filtered substances back in the blood can also occur if they are needed
refined carbs - ANS food that went through processing
unrefined carbs - ANS natural state, not processed
empty calories - ANS calories derived from food containing no nutrients
simple carbs - ANS monosaccharides and disaccharides
complex carbs - ANS oligosaccharides, glycogen, starch and fiber
glucose (blood sugar) - ANS main provider of energy for body; produced by plants during
photosynthesis
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, fodos: component of disaccharide or starch
galactose - ANS component of lactose
fructose - ANS fruit sugar; fruits, veggies, honey
high fructose corn syrup
photosynthesis - ANS process of converting CO2 and water to glucose using energy directly
from the sun
maltose - ANS glucose and glucose
formed from starch breakdown in intestines
sucrose - ANS glucose and fructose
sources include sugar cane, honey, maple syrup
lactose - ANS glucose and maltose
occur naturally in animal foods
hydrolysis - ANS addition of water to break down disaccharides
condensation - ANS removal of water for disaccharide formation
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 31
AND ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What happens to nutrients after digestion and absorption? - ANS blood vessel collect
nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs and delivers them to the liver
lymphatic system: three principle functions - ANS 1. collect and return interstitial fluid,
including plasma protein to the blood
2. to defened the body against disease by producing lymphotcytes and cleansing body fluids
3. to absorb lipids from the intestine and transport them to the blood
final destination of nutrients: the cell - ANS blood carries nutrients to the cells, nutrients
cross cell membranes -->
inside the cell, nutrietnts are used for energy or to build substances for the body
mitochondria - ANS produces ATP
ribosomes - ANS makes protein
metabolic reactions - ANS series of chemical reactions inside an organism; may require
coenzymes; results in the transformation of one molecule to another
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 31
,anabolism - ANS smaller molecules combine to form complex structures
catabolism - ANS breaking down substances for energy
cellular respiration: how ATP is produced - ANS carbs --> glucose
proteins --> amino acids
lipids --> fatty acids
acetyl coA is then metabolized in the citric acid cycle and electron transport
overall end product: CO2, water, ATP
what are the overall end products of cellular respiration? - ANS CO2, water, ATP
what is the storage form of carbs in muscles? - ANS glycogen
what is the storage form of fat? - ANS triglycerides
how are substances that are unable to be absorbed by the body excreted? - ANS things such
as fiber, is excreted via GI tract in feces
what are the organs that have a role in eliminating metabolic waste? - ANS lungs, kidneys,
skin
products eliminated from lungs and skin - ANS CO2 and water
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 31
,products eliminated from urinary system - ANS water, "waste products"
kidneys - ANS part of the urinary system and is the primary site where excess water,
metabolic waste products and minerals are excreted
nephrons - ANS functional unit; filters blood and maintains fluid balance
glomerulus - ANS ball of capillaries located within the nephron; filters blood during urine
formation
reabsorption of filtered substances back in the blood can also occur if they are needed
refined carbs - ANS food that went through processing
unrefined carbs - ANS natural state, not processed
empty calories - ANS calories derived from food containing no nutrients
simple carbs - ANS monosaccharides and disaccharides
complex carbs - ANS oligosaccharides, glycogen, starch and fiber
glucose (blood sugar) - ANS main provider of energy for body; produced by plants during
photosynthesis
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 31
, fodos: component of disaccharide or starch
galactose - ANS component of lactose
fructose - ANS fruit sugar; fruits, veggies, honey
high fructose corn syrup
photosynthesis - ANS process of converting CO2 and water to glucose using energy directly
from the sun
maltose - ANS glucose and glucose
formed from starch breakdown in intestines
sucrose - ANS glucose and fructose
sources include sugar cane, honey, maple syrup
lactose - ANS glucose and maltose
occur naturally in animal foods
hydrolysis - ANS addition of water to break down disaccharides
condensation - ANS removal of water for disaccharide formation
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 31
