MDC II Exam 1 Summer 2026/2027
Rasmussen University | Study Guide &
Verified Answers
This document contains:
❖ MDC II Exam 1 2027 Rasmussen
❖ MDC II Exam 1 Summer 2026
❖ Rasmussen MDC 2 Exam 1
❖ MDC II Nursing Exam 1
❖ MDC 2 Exam 1 Study Guide
❖ Rasmussen Nursing Exam Prep
,1. malignant vs benign tumors: Benign—Harmless; does not usually require intervention
Malignant—Indicates cancer; serious and can lead to death without intervention
2. Benign Tumor Cells: Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at
the wrong time
Result of small problem with cellular
regulation
Grow by expansion, not invasion
Moles, uterine fibroid tumors, skin tags,
endometriosis, nasal polyps
3. Features of Benign Tumor Cells: Specific morphology
Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
Specific ditterentiated functions-contributes to body function
Tight adherence
No migration
Orderly growth
Normal chromosomes
4. Cancer Cells: Abnormal
Serve no useful function
Harmful to normal body tissues
5. Features of Cancer Cells: Anaplasia
Large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
Specific functions lost
Loose adherence
Migration (metastasis)
No contact inhibition
Rapid or continuous cell division
Abnormal chromosomes (aneuploidy)
6. Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis: cancer development
, 7. Malignant transformation: - Initiation-
- Promotion -
- Progression -
- Metastasis-
8. Primary tumor: Identified by the tissue from which it arose (parent
tissue)
9. Secondary (metastatic) tumor: -Cancer cells move from primary location
-Additional tumor(s)
10. Steps of Metastasis: 1. Malignant transformation - Some normal cuboidal cells have undergone
malignant transformation and have divided enough times to form a tumorous area within the cuboidal epithelium
2. Tumor vascularization - Cancer cells secrete tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF), stimulating the blood vessels to bud
and form new channels that grow into the tumor
3. Blood vessel penetration - cancer cells have broken ott from the main tumor. Enzymes on the sur face of the tumor
cell make holes in the blood vessels allowing cancer cells to enter blood vessels and travel around the body.
4. Arrest and invasion - Cancer cells clump up in blood vessel walls and invade new tissue areas. If the new tissue
areas have the right conditions to support continued growth of cancer cells, new tumors (metastatic tumors) will form
at this site.
11. Cancer Classification: Grading
Ploidy
Staging
TNM
T—Tumor
N—Node
M—Metastasis
Doubling time and mitotic index
12. Melanoma staging:
Rasmussen University | Study Guide &
Verified Answers
This document contains:
❖ MDC II Exam 1 2027 Rasmussen
❖ MDC II Exam 1 Summer 2026
❖ Rasmussen MDC 2 Exam 1
❖ MDC II Nursing Exam 1
❖ MDC 2 Exam 1 Study Guide
❖ Rasmussen Nursing Exam Prep
,1. malignant vs benign tumors: Benign—Harmless; does not usually require intervention
Malignant—Indicates cancer; serious and can lead to death without intervention
2. Benign Tumor Cells: Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at
the wrong time
Result of small problem with cellular
regulation
Grow by expansion, not invasion
Moles, uterine fibroid tumors, skin tags,
endometriosis, nasal polyps
3. Features of Benign Tumor Cells: Specific morphology
Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
Specific ditterentiated functions-contributes to body function
Tight adherence
No migration
Orderly growth
Normal chromosomes
4. Cancer Cells: Abnormal
Serve no useful function
Harmful to normal body tissues
5. Features of Cancer Cells: Anaplasia
Large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
Specific functions lost
Loose adherence
Migration (metastasis)
No contact inhibition
Rapid or continuous cell division
Abnormal chromosomes (aneuploidy)
6. Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis: cancer development
, 7. Malignant transformation: - Initiation-
- Promotion -
- Progression -
- Metastasis-
8. Primary tumor: Identified by the tissue from which it arose (parent
tissue)
9. Secondary (metastatic) tumor: -Cancer cells move from primary location
-Additional tumor(s)
10. Steps of Metastasis: 1. Malignant transformation - Some normal cuboidal cells have undergone
malignant transformation and have divided enough times to form a tumorous area within the cuboidal epithelium
2. Tumor vascularization - Cancer cells secrete tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF), stimulating the blood vessels to bud
and form new channels that grow into the tumor
3. Blood vessel penetration - cancer cells have broken ott from the main tumor. Enzymes on the sur face of the tumor
cell make holes in the blood vessels allowing cancer cells to enter blood vessels and travel around the body.
4. Arrest and invasion - Cancer cells clump up in blood vessel walls and invade new tissue areas. If the new tissue
areas have the right conditions to support continued growth of cancer cells, new tumors (metastatic tumors) will form
at this site.
11. Cancer Classification: Grading
Ploidy
Staging
TNM
T—Tumor
N—Node
M—Metastasis
Doubling time and mitotic index
12. Melanoma staging:
