This document contains:
➢ MDC II Exam Questions
➢ MDC II Nursing Exam 1
➢ MDC 2 Review Guide
➢ MDC 2 Exam Prep
➢ MDC 2 Study Guide
➢ MDC 2 Nursing Exam
1
,Benign cells - correct answers -Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time
Benign Cell Features - correct answers -o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a - correct answers -healthy cell
Examples of Benign cells - correct answers -o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
Malignant cells - correct answers -indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues and result
in death
Malignant cell features - correct answers -o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
2
,o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer - correct answers -o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of malignancy - correct answers -o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy) - correct answers -Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
Promotion - correct answers -Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant cells
Progression - correct answers -Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis - correct answers -Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis - correct answers -cancer development
Cancer classification - correct answers -o Grading
o Ploidy
3
, o Staging
o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading - correct answers -Looking under microscope and determine level/degree of mutation of cancer
cell from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy - correct answers -Number of chromosomes
Staging - correct answers -How large is the primary tumor and how far has it spread
TNM - correct answers -o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
o M-Metastasis (0=None, 1=There is metastasis)
Doubling time and mitotic index - correct answers -Period of time required for that quantity to double in
size (Tells how aggressive cancer grows)
o Stage 1=Localized
o Stage 4= Spread across the body
Cancer prevention primary - correct answers -o Sunscreen
o Avoid smoking
o Removal of "at risk" tissue (mole)
o Chemoprevention
o Vaccine (HPV)
Cancer prevention secondary - correct answers -o Mammogram
4
➢ MDC II Exam Questions
➢ MDC II Nursing Exam 1
➢ MDC 2 Review Guide
➢ MDC 2 Exam Prep
➢ MDC 2 Study Guide
➢ MDC 2 Nursing Exam
1
,Benign cells - correct answers -Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time
Benign Cell Features - correct answers -o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a - correct answers -healthy cell
Examples of Benign cells - correct answers -o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
Malignant cells - correct answers -indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues and result
in death
Malignant cell features - correct answers -o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
2
,o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer - correct answers -o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of malignancy - correct answers -o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy) - correct answers -Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
Promotion - correct answers -Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant cells
Progression - correct answers -Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis - correct answers -Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis - correct answers -cancer development
Cancer classification - correct answers -o Grading
o Ploidy
3
, o Staging
o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading - correct answers -Looking under microscope and determine level/degree of mutation of cancer
cell from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy - correct answers -Number of chromosomes
Staging - correct answers -How large is the primary tumor and how far has it spread
TNM - correct answers -o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
o M-Metastasis (0=None, 1=There is metastasis)
Doubling time and mitotic index - correct answers -Period of time required for that quantity to double in
size (Tells how aggressive cancer grows)
o Stage 1=Localized
o Stage 4= Spread across the body
Cancer prevention primary - correct answers -o Sunscreen
o Avoid smoking
o Removal of "at risk" tissue (mole)
o Chemoprevention
o Vaccine (HPV)
Cancer prevention secondary - correct answers -o Mammogram
4
