APHY 102 FINAL EXAM QUIZ STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n) - ANSWERSvein
In order to be fully activated, most __________ cells require interaction with
__________ cells. - ANSWERSB;T
What is the first component(s) of the immune system to decline with age? -
ANSWERSThymus
What is not true of the spleen? - ANSWERSThe spaces in the lobes of the spleen are
filled with lymph
What term refers to any molecule that elicits an immune response? - ANSWERSAntigen
The thymus enlarges after puberty T/F - ANSWERSFalse
Absence or blockage of lymph vessels in a body region leads directly to what condition?
- ANSWERSEdema
Memory T and B cells function in what type of response? - ANSWERSSecondary
immune responses
The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels and nerves pass is called the -
ANSWERShilum
What term is used for disorders resulting from the immune system attacking "self" cells?
- ANSWERSAutoimmune diseases
What is the name of the fluid contained within vessels of the lymphatic system? -
ANSWERSLymph
Lymphatic pathways begin at the lymphatic capillaries which empty into lymphatic
vessels. From there, fluid flows through lymphatic __________ into lymphatic
__________, eventually emptying into veins in the thorax. - ANSWERStrunks; ducts
The thymus is in the mediastinum behind the sternum. T/F - ANSWERSTrue
,Older red blood cells may be destroyed in the spleen. T/F - ANSWERST
Lymph differs from plasma in that - ANSWERSplasma has more protein than lymph
When T or B cells are activated, they proliferate, forming a group of genetically identical
cells descending from the original activated cell. What is the name of this group of
identical cells? - ANSWERSClone
Muscle contraction moves lymph through lymphatic vessels T/F - ANSWERSTrue
What is the name of the condition in which there is a deficiency in red blood cells or in
the amount of hemoglobin? - ANSWERSAnemia
A person with type A blood can successfully donate blood to a person with type
__________ blood. - ANSWERSA
What component of blood accounts for the largest proportion of the blood volume? -
ANSWERSPlasma
Define hemostasis - ANSWERSProcess that stops bleeding
What is the typical life span of a red blood cell? - ANSWERS120 days
The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the -
ANSWERSred blood cells.
Universal precautions are - ANSWERSspecific measures that health-care workers
should take to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens in the workplace.
While looking at a sample of blood in a microscope, you see a purple-stained cell that is
markedly larger than a red blood cell (about two to three times larger). It has a large
kidney-shaped nucleus. What type of blood cell is this? - ANSWERSA monocyte
Low platelet count; results in decreased blood clotting and bruising. -
ANSWERSThrombocytopenia
Lymph eventually is returned to the circulation at what blood vessels? -
ANSWERSRight and left subclavian veins
Name the enzyme that converts HC2O3 to HCO3- and H+. - ANSWERScarbonic
anhydrase
Activation of what group of proteins in the plasma leads to inflammation, attraction of
phagocytes, and enhancement of phagocytosis? - ANSWERSComplement
The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the - ANSWERSthoracic
duct and right lymphatic duct.
, What type of immunity will result from receiving a vaccination? - ANSWERSArtificially
acquired active immunity
allograft - ANSWERSsame species
isograft - ANSWERSidentical twin
xenograft - ANSWERSdifferent species
autograft - ANSWERSself
What class of immunoglobulin is involved in immediate-reaction allergic reactions? -
ANSWERSIgE
Abnormal hemoglobin; causes hemoglobin to crystallize in low oxygen conditions. -
ANSWERSSickle Cell Disease
Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood; leads to paleness of the skin. -
ANSWERSAnemia
Low blood oxygen levels lead to bluish tint to the skin. - ANSWERSCyanosis
On a long transcontinental flight, a middle-aged man gets up and exercises in the aisle,
moving his hands, feet, arms, and legs as much as he can. He does this every two
hours. The flight attendant asks him to sit down, but he explains that he is trying to
prevent a very dangerous medical condition. He is talking about the condition called -
ANSWERSdeep vein thrombosis
An excessive number of white blood cells is classified as - ANSWERSLeukocytosis
Leukopenia - ANSWERSA deficiency in white blood cells is classified as
Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a
blood sample? - ANSWERSBasophils
Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur in - ANSWERSa second Rh-positive fetus developing
in an Rh-negative woman. Correct
What is a result of reduced red blood cell count and/or reduced hemoglobin content of
the blood? - ANSWERSDiminished oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about -
ANSWERS45%.
GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n) - ANSWERSvein
In order to be fully activated, most __________ cells require interaction with
__________ cells. - ANSWERSB;T
What is the first component(s) of the immune system to decline with age? -
ANSWERSThymus
What is not true of the spleen? - ANSWERSThe spaces in the lobes of the spleen are
filled with lymph
What term refers to any molecule that elicits an immune response? - ANSWERSAntigen
The thymus enlarges after puberty T/F - ANSWERSFalse
Absence or blockage of lymph vessels in a body region leads directly to what condition?
- ANSWERSEdema
Memory T and B cells function in what type of response? - ANSWERSSecondary
immune responses
The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels and nerves pass is called the -
ANSWERShilum
What term is used for disorders resulting from the immune system attacking "self" cells?
- ANSWERSAutoimmune diseases
What is the name of the fluid contained within vessels of the lymphatic system? -
ANSWERSLymph
Lymphatic pathways begin at the lymphatic capillaries which empty into lymphatic
vessels. From there, fluid flows through lymphatic __________ into lymphatic
__________, eventually emptying into veins in the thorax. - ANSWERStrunks; ducts
The thymus is in the mediastinum behind the sternum. T/F - ANSWERSTrue
,Older red blood cells may be destroyed in the spleen. T/F - ANSWERST
Lymph differs from plasma in that - ANSWERSplasma has more protein than lymph
When T or B cells are activated, they proliferate, forming a group of genetically identical
cells descending from the original activated cell. What is the name of this group of
identical cells? - ANSWERSClone
Muscle contraction moves lymph through lymphatic vessels T/F - ANSWERSTrue
What is the name of the condition in which there is a deficiency in red blood cells or in
the amount of hemoglobin? - ANSWERSAnemia
A person with type A blood can successfully donate blood to a person with type
__________ blood. - ANSWERSA
What component of blood accounts for the largest proportion of the blood volume? -
ANSWERSPlasma
Define hemostasis - ANSWERSProcess that stops bleeding
What is the typical life span of a red blood cell? - ANSWERS120 days
The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the -
ANSWERSred blood cells.
Universal precautions are - ANSWERSspecific measures that health-care workers
should take to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens in the workplace.
While looking at a sample of blood in a microscope, you see a purple-stained cell that is
markedly larger than a red blood cell (about two to three times larger). It has a large
kidney-shaped nucleus. What type of blood cell is this? - ANSWERSA monocyte
Low platelet count; results in decreased blood clotting and bruising. -
ANSWERSThrombocytopenia
Lymph eventually is returned to the circulation at what blood vessels? -
ANSWERSRight and left subclavian veins
Name the enzyme that converts HC2O3 to HCO3- and H+. - ANSWERScarbonic
anhydrase
Activation of what group of proteins in the plasma leads to inflammation, attraction of
phagocytes, and enhancement of phagocytosis? - ANSWERSComplement
The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the - ANSWERSthoracic
duct and right lymphatic duct.
, What type of immunity will result from receiving a vaccination? - ANSWERSArtificially
acquired active immunity
allograft - ANSWERSsame species
isograft - ANSWERSidentical twin
xenograft - ANSWERSdifferent species
autograft - ANSWERSself
What class of immunoglobulin is involved in immediate-reaction allergic reactions? -
ANSWERSIgE
Abnormal hemoglobin; causes hemoglobin to crystallize in low oxygen conditions. -
ANSWERSSickle Cell Disease
Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood; leads to paleness of the skin. -
ANSWERSAnemia
Low blood oxygen levels lead to bluish tint to the skin. - ANSWERSCyanosis
On a long transcontinental flight, a middle-aged man gets up and exercises in the aisle,
moving his hands, feet, arms, and legs as much as he can. He does this every two
hours. The flight attendant asks him to sit down, but he explains that he is trying to
prevent a very dangerous medical condition. He is talking about the condition called -
ANSWERSdeep vein thrombosis
An excessive number of white blood cells is classified as - ANSWERSLeukocytosis
Leukopenia - ANSWERSA deficiency in white blood cells is classified as
Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a
blood sample? - ANSWERSBasophils
Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur in - ANSWERSa second Rh-positive fetus developing
in an Rh-negative woman. Correct
What is a result of reduced red blood cell count and/or reduced hemoglobin content of
the blood? - ANSWERSDiminished oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about -
ANSWERS45%.
