UTMB ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
5355 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - ANS Deficiency of neurotransmitters in brain of
norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding with
serotonin.
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - ANS A deficiency of
monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
Antidepressants increase - ANS Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters - ANS Neurotransmitters do not have time
to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation - ANS HPA system dysregulation
with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large percentage of people suffering from
major depression.
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of - -
ANS Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse transmission
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 19
,neurofibrillary tangles - ANS are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
neurons of the brain.
Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with -
ANS Memory loss
Most common cause of dementia - ANS Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
Characteristics of Alzheimer's - ANS Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new things,
dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
Parkinson's Disease is - ANS Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
shaking palsy
Parkinson's disease is associated with - ANS basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of neurons
in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease - ANS Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, muscular
rigidity and postural abnormalities.
2 Main Categories of CVA - ANS Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
Hemorrhagic CVA - ANS Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces brain
tissue and increases ICP
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke - ANS Intracerebral and subarachnoid
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 19
, Intracerebral Hemorrhage - ANS Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - ANS Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by trauma,
aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
Ischemic CVA - ANS reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible cell
death with associated cerebral edema
3 types of ischemic CVA - ANS thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
Thrombotic - ANS caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood vessel due
to localized occlusive process
Embolic - ANS caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to brain
Hypercoaguable state - ANS conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing
blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
Multiple sclerosis - ANS chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the
CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
Acetylcholine - ANS excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning, memory-
involved in memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Norepinephrine - ANS Helps control alertness and arousal. Under supply can depress mood.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 19
5355 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - ANS Deficiency of neurotransmitters in brain of
norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding with
serotonin.
Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - ANS A deficiency of
monoamine neurotransmitters at neuronal synapses.
Antidepressants increase - ANS Neuronal synaptic levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.
if you have more receptors than neurotransmitters - ANS Neurotransmitters do not have time
to re-charge thus, they do not function properly.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System Dysregulation - ANS HPA system dysregulation
with excessive glucocorticoid secretion is found in a large percentage of people suffering from
major depression.
Patho of Alzheimer's includes - plaque formation, presence of --, with decreased levels of - -
ANS Amyloid B, neurofibrillary tangles, acetylcholine these disrupt impulse transmission
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 19
,neurofibrillary tangles - ANS are a deformation of the structure that carries nutrients to
neurons of the brain.
Decreased levels of choline acetyl transferase and acetylcholine is associated with -
ANS Memory loss
Most common cause of dementia - ANS Alzheimer's disease fatal 5-10 years
Characteristics of Alzheimer's - ANS Loss of memory, language , inability to learn new things,
dysfunction, delusions, cannot perform ADLs, majorly effects social life
Parkinson's Disease is - ANS Chronic motor progressive neuro-degenerative known as a
shaking palsy
Parkinson's disease is associated with - ANS basal ganglia dysfunction and atrophy of neurons
in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine;
Characteristics of Parkinson's disease - ANS Tremors at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, muscular
rigidity and postural abnormalities.
2 Main Categories of CVA - ANS Hemorrhagic and Ischemic
Hemorrhagic CVA - ANS Blood produces inflammatory reaction, swelling, displaces brain
tissue and increases ICP
2 types of hemorrhagic stroke - ANS Intracerebral and subarachnoid
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 19
, Intracerebral Hemorrhage - ANS Blood vessel leaks directly into brain tissue
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - ANS Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, caused by trauma,
aneurysm rupture presents as "worst headache of life". surgical emergency
Ischemic CVA - ANS reduction in cerebral blood flow results in hypoxia and irreversible cell
death with associated cerebral edema
3 types of ischemic CVA - ANS thrombotic, embolic, hypercoagulable states.
Thrombotic - ANS caused by atherosclerosis blocking vessels. obstruction of blood vessel due
to localized occlusive process
Embolic - ANS caused by blood clot, fat or air embolus traveling from distant site to brain
Hypercoaguable state - ANS conditions such as sickle cell disease, polycythemia causing
blood clot to form and obstruct vessel
Multiple sclerosis - ANS chronic, inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the
CNS. : patho includes CNS demyelination thought to be caused by an immune reaction
Acetylcholine - ANS excitatory or inhibitory, enables muscle action, learning, memory-
involved in memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Norepinephrine - ANS Helps control alertness and arousal. Under supply can depress mood.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 19
