ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTMB
5355 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Oncogenes - ANS cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
Proto-oncogenes - ANS promote normal cell growth factor and division
If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - ANS Oncogenes
Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - ANS Antioncogenes
antioncogenes - ANS inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations
Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - - ANS oncogenes, tumor suppressor
genes
What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? - ANS Gatekeepers & Caretakers
tumor suppressor genes - ANS encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair
mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 13
, Gatekeeper - ANS regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent uncontrolled
growth and potential progression of cancer
Caretaker - ANS suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning correctly mutation
can occur
How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - ANS Inflammation increases free radicals and
reactive oxygen species which promote mutation
interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in stress, obesity, and Type 2
Diabetes. - ANS Pro-inflammatory cytokines
TP53 gene - ANS tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape apoptosis and
can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine - ANS pro-inflammatory, may be related to carcinogenesis
4 functions of TNF - ANS 1)cell survival
2)cell proliferation
3) cell differentiation
4)cell death
CA therapy in relation to TNF - ANS Modulation of TNF/receptors
tumor markers - ANS not used to diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of cancers or
after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 13
5355 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Oncogenes - ANS cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
Proto-oncogenes - ANS promote normal cell growth factor and division
If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - ANS Oncogenes
Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - ANS Antioncogenes
antioncogenes - ANS inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations
Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - - ANS oncogenes, tumor suppressor
genes
What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? - ANS Gatekeepers & Caretakers
tumor suppressor genes - ANS encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair
mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 13
, Gatekeeper - ANS regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent uncontrolled
growth and potential progression of cancer
Caretaker - ANS suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning correctly mutation
can occur
How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - ANS Inflammation increases free radicals and
reactive oxygen species which promote mutation
interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in stress, obesity, and Type 2
Diabetes. - ANS Pro-inflammatory cytokines
TP53 gene - ANS tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape apoptosis and
can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine - ANS pro-inflammatory, may be related to carcinogenesis
4 functions of TNF - ANS 1)cell survival
2)cell proliferation
3) cell differentiation
4)cell death
CA therapy in relation to TNF - ANS Modulation of TNF/receptors
tumor markers - ANS not used to diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of cancers or
after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 13
