BIOD 152 Module 6 Complete 300‑Question Test Bank: Essential Human Anatomy & Physiology II –
Female & Male Reproduction, Gametogenesis, Hormonal Regulation, Embryology, Placentation,
Parturition, Lactation, and Clinical Correlations with Detailed Rationales
Section 1: Female Reproductive System – Anatomy & Histology
(Questions 1–50)
1. Which of the following are functions of the ovaries? (Select all that apply)
A) Produce ova (eggs)
B) Secrete estrogen
C) Secrete progesterone
D) Transport the fertilized egg to the uterus
E) Secrete FSH
Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The ovaries produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone. FSH is secreted by the
anterior pituitary. The fallopian tubes transport the fertilized egg.
2. Which layers are part of the uterine wall? (Select all that apply)
A) Endometrium
B) Myometrium
C) Perimetrium
D) Epimetrium
E) Exometrium
Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The uterine wall consists of endometrium (inner mucosal layer), myometrium (middle
smooth muscle), and perimetrium (outer serous layer). Epimetrium and exometrium are not anatomical
terms for the uterus.
3. Which statements correctly describe the endometrium? (Select all that apply)
A) It is the innermost layer of the uterus
B) It has a functional layer that is shed during menstruation
C) It has a basal layer that regenerates the functional layer
D) It is composed of stratified squamous epithelium
E) It contains spiral arteries
Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: The endometrium is simple columnar epithelium (not stratified squamous). The basal layer
is not shed; it regenerates the functional layer. Spiral arteries supply the functional layer.
4. Which are true about the myometrium? (Select all that apply)
A) Composed of smooth muscle
B) Contracts during labor and delivery
,C) Thickens during pregnancy
D) Is under voluntary control
E) Is stimulated by oxytocin
Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: The myometrium is smooth muscle under autonomic (involuntary) control, not voluntary.
Oxytocin stimulates contractions.
5. Which statements about the perimetrium are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) It is the outer serous layer of the uterus
B) It is part of the visceral peritoneum
C) It covers the entire uterus including the cervix
D) It is continuous with the broad ligament
E) It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: The perimetrium covers most of the uterus but not the cervix (the cervix is covered by
adventitia). It is a serous membrane (simple squamous epithelium + connective tissue), not dense
irregular connective tissue.
6. Which are true about the fallopian tubes? (Select all that apply)
A) Also called oviducts
B) Contain fimbriae that sweep over the ovary
C) Are the usual site of fertilization
D) Implantation of the blastocyst normally occurs here
E) Transport the secondary oocyte toward the uterus
Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube (ampulla), but implantation occurs in the
endometrium of the uterus.
7. Which statements about the fallopian tube segments are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) Infundibulum: funnel-shaped, open to the peritoneal cavity
B) Ampulla: widest part, usual site of fertilization
C) Isthmus: narrow part near the uterus
D) Intramural (interstitial) part: within the uterine wall
E) All segments have the same diameter
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Segments vary in diameter; the ampulla is the widest, the isthmus is narrow, and the
intramural part is the narrowest.
8. Which are true about the fimbriae? (Select all that apply)
A) Finger-like projections on the infundibulum
B) Contain cilia that help sweep the oocyte
C) Are permanently attached to the ovary
D) Are not attached to the ovary; they sweep freely
E) Help guide the oocyte into the fallopian tube
,Answer: A, B, D, E
Rationale: Fimbriae are not permanently attached to the ovary; they sweep over the ovary to capture
the oocyte.
9. Which statements about the cervix are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) It is the lower part of the uterus
B) It contains the internal os (opening into uterus) and external os (opening into vagina)
C) It produces cervical mucus that changes consistency during the menstrual cycle
D) It dilates during labor to allow delivery
E) It is lined only by stratified squamous epithelium
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The cervix has two types of epithelium: endocervix (simple columnar) and ectocervix
(stratified squamous). The transformation zone is the junction.
10. Which are true about cervical mucus changes? (Select all that apply)
A) Under estrogen, mucus becomes thin, watery, and stretchy (spinnbarkeit)
B) Under progesterone, mucus becomes thick, viscous, and cellular
C) Thin mucus allows sperm passage
D) Thick mucus blocks sperm entry
E) Ferning (arborization) on a slide is seen with estrogen-dominant mucus
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: All statements correctly describe cervical mucus changes.
11. Which statements about the vagina are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) It is the birth canal
B) It receives the penis during intercourse
C) It allows passage of menstrual fluid
D) It is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
E) It contains the external os of the cervix
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: The external os of the cervix projects into the vagina. All statements are correct.
12. Which are true about the vaginal epithelium? (Select all that apply)
A) Stratified squamous, non-keratinized
B) Undergoes cyclic changes under estrogen and progesterone
C) Glycogen accumulates under estrogen stimulation
D) Glycogen is broken down to lactic acid by Lactobacillus
E) The acidic pH (3.8–4.5) helps prevent infection
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: All statements are correct.
13. Which statements about the vaginal fornices are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) They are recesses around the cervix
B) The posterior fornix is the deepest
, C) Sperm may pool in the posterior fornix after intercourse
D) Culdocentesis is performed via the posterior fornix
E) The anterior fornix is the deepest
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The posterior fornix is the deepest, not the anterior.
14. Which are true about the vulva (external genitalia)? (Select all that apply)
A) Labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum
B) Labia minora are homologous to the penile urethral skin
C) The clitoris is homologous to the male penis
D) The vestibule contains the urethral and vaginal openings
E) The mons pubis is a fatty pad over the pubic symphysis
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: All statements are correct.
15. Which statements about the clitoris are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) Contains two corpora cavernosa (erectile tissue)
B) Has a glans clitoridis
C) Is highly innervated with sensory nerve endings
D) Contains the urethral opening
E) Is covered by the prepuce (clitoral hood)
Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: The urethral opening is separate, located in the vestibule, not within the clitoris.
16. Which are true about the vestibular bulbs? (Select all that apply)
A) Erectile tissue on either side of the vaginal orifice
B) Homologous to the male corpus spongiosum
C) Engorge with blood during sexual arousal
D) Are located deep to the bulbospongiosus muscle
E) Are part of the clitoris
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The vestibular bulbs are separate from the clitoris (though both are erectile).
17. Which statements about Bartholin's glands are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) Located in the vestibule at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions
B) Secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse
C) Homologous to the male bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands
D) Can become infected (bartholinitis)
E) Open into the urethra
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Bartholin's glands open into the vestibule, not the urethra.
18. Which are true about the Skene's glands? (Select all that apply)
A) Paraurethral glands
Female & Male Reproduction, Gametogenesis, Hormonal Regulation, Embryology, Placentation,
Parturition, Lactation, and Clinical Correlations with Detailed Rationales
Section 1: Female Reproductive System – Anatomy & Histology
(Questions 1–50)
1. Which of the following are functions of the ovaries? (Select all that apply)
A) Produce ova (eggs)
B) Secrete estrogen
C) Secrete progesterone
D) Transport the fertilized egg to the uterus
E) Secrete FSH
Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The ovaries produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone. FSH is secreted by the
anterior pituitary. The fallopian tubes transport the fertilized egg.
2. Which layers are part of the uterine wall? (Select all that apply)
A) Endometrium
B) Myometrium
C) Perimetrium
D) Epimetrium
E) Exometrium
Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The uterine wall consists of endometrium (inner mucosal layer), myometrium (middle
smooth muscle), and perimetrium (outer serous layer). Epimetrium and exometrium are not anatomical
terms for the uterus.
3. Which statements correctly describe the endometrium? (Select all that apply)
A) It is the innermost layer of the uterus
B) It has a functional layer that is shed during menstruation
C) It has a basal layer that regenerates the functional layer
D) It is composed of stratified squamous epithelium
E) It contains spiral arteries
Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: The endometrium is simple columnar epithelium (not stratified squamous). The basal layer
is not shed; it regenerates the functional layer. Spiral arteries supply the functional layer.
4. Which are true about the myometrium? (Select all that apply)
A) Composed of smooth muscle
B) Contracts during labor and delivery
,C) Thickens during pregnancy
D) Is under voluntary control
E) Is stimulated by oxytocin
Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: The myometrium is smooth muscle under autonomic (involuntary) control, not voluntary.
Oxytocin stimulates contractions.
5. Which statements about the perimetrium are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) It is the outer serous layer of the uterus
B) It is part of the visceral peritoneum
C) It covers the entire uterus including the cervix
D) It is continuous with the broad ligament
E) It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: The perimetrium covers most of the uterus but not the cervix (the cervix is covered by
adventitia). It is a serous membrane (simple squamous epithelium + connective tissue), not dense
irregular connective tissue.
6. Which are true about the fallopian tubes? (Select all that apply)
A) Also called oviducts
B) Contain fimbriae that sweep over the ovary
C) Are the usual site of fertilization
D) Implantation of the blastocyst normally occurs here
E) Transport the secondary oocyte toward the uterus
Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube (ampulla), but implantation occurs in the
endometrium of the uterus.
7. Which statements about the fallopian tube segments are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) Infundibulum: funnel-shaped, open to the peritoneal cavity
B) Ampulla: widest part, usual site of fertilization
C) Isthmus: narrow part near the uterus
D) Intramural (interstitial) part: within the uterine wall
E) All segments have the same diameter
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Segments vary in diameter; the ampulla is the widest, the isthmus is narrow, and the
intramural part is the narrowest.
8. Which are true about the fimbriae? (Select all that apply)
A) Finger-like projections on the infundibulum
B) Contain cilia that help sweep the oocyte
C) Are permanently attached to the ovary
D) Are not attached to the ovary; they sweep freely
E) Help guide the oocyte into the fallopian tube
,Answer: A, B, D, E
Rationale: Fimbriae are not permanently attached to the ovary; they sweep over the ovary to capture
the oocyte.
9. Which statements about the cervix are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) It is the lower part of the uterus
B) It contains the internal os (opening into uterus) and external os (opening into vagina)
C) It produces cervical mucus that changes consistency during the menstrual cycle
D) It dilates during labor to allow delivery
E) It is lined only by stratified squamous epithelium
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The cervix has two types of epithelium: endocervix (simple columnar) and ectocervix
(stratified squamous). The transformation zone is the junction.
10. Which are true about cervical mucus changes? (Select all that apply)
A) Under estrogen, mucus becomes thin, watery, and stretchy (spinnbarkeit)
B) Under progesterone, mucus becomes thick, viscous, and cellular
C) Thin mucus allows sperm passage
D) Thick mucus blocks sperm entry
E) Ferning (arborization) on a slide is seen with estrogen-dominant mucus
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: All statements correctly describe cervical mucus changes.
11. Which statements about the vagina are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) It is the birth canal
B) It receives the penis during intercourse
C) It allows passage of menstrual fluid
D) It is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
E) It contains the external os of the cervix
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: The external os of the cervix projects into the vagina. All statements are correct.
12. Which are true about the vaginal epithelium? (Select all that apply)
A) Stratified squamous, non-keratinized
B) Undergoes cyclic changes under estrogen and progesterone
C) Glycogen accumulates under estrogen stimulation
D) Glycogen is broken down to lactic acid by Lactobacillus
E) The acidic pH (3.8–4.5) helps prevent infection
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: All statements are correct.
13. Which statements about the vaginal fornices are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) They are recesses around the cervix
B) The posterior fornix is the deepest
, C) Sperm may pool in the posterior fornix after intercourse
D) Culdocentesis is performed via the posterior fornix
E) The anterior fornix is the deepest
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The posterior fornix is the deepest, not the anterior.
14. Which are true about the vulva (external genitalia)? (Select all that apply)
A) Labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum
B) Labia minora are homologous to the penile urethral skin
C) The clitoris is homologous to the male penis
D) The vestibule contains the urethral and vaginal openings
E) The mons pubis is a fatty pad over the pubic symphysis
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: All statements are correct.
15. Which statements about the clitoris are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) Contains two corpora cavernosa (erectile tissue)
B) Has a glans clitoridis
C) Is highly innervated with sensory nerve endings
D) Contains the urethral opening
E) Is covered by the prepuce (clitoral hood)
Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: The urethral opening is separate, located in the vestibule, not within the clitoris.
16. Which are true about the vestibular bulbs? (Select all that apply)
A) Erectile tissue on either side of the vaginal orifice
B) Homologous to the male corpus spongiosum
C) Engorge with blood during sexual arousal
D) Are located deep to the bulbospongiosus muscle
E) Are part of the clitoris
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: The vestibular bulbs are separate from the clitoris (though both are erectile).
17. Which statements about Bartholin's glands are correct? (Select all that apply)
A) Located in the vestibule at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions
B) Secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse
C) Homologous to the male bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands
D) Can become infected (bartholinitis)
E) Open into the urethra
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Bartholin's glands open into the vestibule, not the urethra.
18. Which are true about the Skene's glands? (Select all that apply)
A) Paraurethral glands
