lOMoARcPSD|64026470
✅ N212 TEST 2 – COMPLETE ATI-STYLE STUDY GUIDE
(Based directly on your professor’s required topics)
NORMAL LAB RANGES YOU MUST MEMORIZE
ACID–BASE (ABGs)
Value Normal Range Critical ATI Meaning
pH 7.35 – 7.45 <7.35 = Acidosis / >7.45 = Alkalosis
PaCO₂ 35 – 45 mmHg Respiratory control
HCO₃ 22 – 26 mEq/L Metabolic control
Anion Gap 8 – 12 mEq/L ↑ = metabolic acidosis
ELECTROLYTES
Electrolyte Normal Range
Sodium (Na⁺) 135 – 145 mEq/L
Potassium (K⁺) 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L
Calcium (Ca²⁺) 8.6 – 10.2 mg/dL
Magnesium (Mg²⁺) 1.5 – 2.5 mEq/L
REMEMBER FOR TEST
• Acidic = 7.35 OR LESS
• Alkalotic = 7.45 OR GREATER
• Pay attention to “EXCEPT”, “NOT”, “OPPOSITE”
CIRRHOSIS
Pathophysiology
Chronic liver damage → fibrosis → portal hypertension → ↓ liver function
EARLY SIGNS
Fatigue, Anorexia, Weight loss, Malaise
Downloaded by Collins ()
, lOMoARcPSD|64026470
LATE SIGNS
Ascites, Jaundice, Easy bruising/bleeding, Asterixis, Hepatic encephalopathy, Spider angiomas
PORTAL HYPERTENSION & ASCITES
• Increased pressure in portal vein → fluid leakage → ascites
• Leads to splenomegaly and varices
EXPECTED LAB FINDINGS
Lab Result
Albumin ↓ Liver can’t synthesize protein
PT/INR ↑ Impaired clotting
AST/ALT ↑ Liver damage
Ammonia ↑ Encephalopathy
Bilirubin ↑ Jaundice
DEHYDRATION & HYPONATREMIA
DEHYDRATION LABS
Finding Expected
Urine specific gravity ↑ (>1.030)
Hematocrit ↑
BUN ↑
Sodium ↑ (unless dilutional)
PRIORITY INTERVENTION
Isotonic IV fluids (0.9% NS)
HYPONATREMIA
Na < 135
• Confusion
• Seizures
• Headache
Priority: slow sodium correction + seizure precautions
Downloaded by Collins ()
✅ N212 TEST 2 – COMPLETE ATI-STYLE STUDY GUIDE
(Based directly on your professor’s required topics)
NORMAL LAB RANGES YOU MUST MEMORIZE
ACID–BASE (ABGs)
Value Normal Range Critical ATI Meaning
pH 7.35 – 7.45 <7.35 = Acidosis / >7.45 = Alkalosis
PaCO₂ 35 – 45 mmHg Respiratory control
HCO₃ 22 – 26 mEq/L Metabolic control
Anion Gap 8 – 12 mEq/L ↑ = metabolic acidosis
ELECTROLYTES
Electrolyte Normal Range
Sodium (Na⁺) 135 – 145 mEq/L
Potassium (K⁺) 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L
Calcium (Ca²⁺) 8.6 – 10.2 mg/dL
Magnesium (Mg²⁺) 1.5 – 2.5 mEq/L
REMEMBER FOR TEST
• Acidic = 7.35 OR LESS
• Alkalotic = 7.45 OR GREATER
• Pay attention to “EXCEPT”, “NOT”, “OPPOSITE”
CIRRHOSIS
Pathophysiology
Chronic liver damage → fibrosis → portal hypertension → ↓ liver function
EARLY SIGNS
Fatigue, Anorexia, Weight loss, Malaise
Downloaded by Collins ()
, lOMoARcPSD|64026470
LATE SIGNS
Ascites, Jaundice, Easy bruising/bleeding, Asterixis, Hepatic encephalopathy, Spider angiomas
PORTAL HYPERTENSION & ASCITES
• Increased pressure in portal vein → fluid leakage → ascites
• Leads to splenomegaly and varices
EXPECTED LAB FINDINGS
Lab Result
Albumin ↓ Liver can’t synthesize protein
PT/INR ↑ Impaired clotting
AST/ALT ↑ Liver damage
Ammonia ↑ Encephalopathy
Bilirubin ↑ Jaundice
DEHYDRATION & HYPONATREMIA
DEHYDRATION LABS
Finding Expected
Urine specific gravity ↑ (>1.030)
Hematocrit ↑
BUN ↑
Sodium ↑ (unless dilutional)
PRIORITY INTERVENTION
Isotonic IV fluids (0.9% NS)
HYPONATREMIA
Na < 135
• Confusion
• Seizures
• Headache
Priority: slow sodium correction + seizure precautions
Downloaded by Collins ()
