OCEANS 100 EXAM 1 SDSU STUDY GUIDE
SCIENCE - Answers - supports the explanation of the natural world that best explains
all available observations (What is the basis of science? NEEDS EVIDENCE)
SCIENTIFIC METHOD - Answers - The process by which scientists take data from
natural world and try to answer questions.
HYPOTHESIS - Answers - A tentative, testable statement about the general
phenomena observed OR an initial idea of how, or why things happen in nature.
SCIENTIFIC THEORY - Answers - Structure of ideas that explain a wide range of
observations from our natural world *additional facts about the scientific theory:
rigorously tested, parsimonious, and includes evidence
The fields in Oceanography - Answers - Geology, Physics, Biology, Astronomy,
Chemistry, Geography
Geology - Answers - Plate tectonics, rock types, sediment, dating of ocean floor
Physics - Answers - Relativity
Biology - Answers - Evolution by natural selection
Astronomy - Answers - Gravity
Chemistry - Answers - ph Levels of Ocean
Geography - Answers - PANGEA
The Earth's 4 spheres - Answers - Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere
ATMOSPHERE - Answers - air that surrounds the earth; layer of gases
BIOSPHERE - Answers - all living organisms on earth
LITHOSPHERE - Answers - uppermost rigid, outer part of earth [crust and upper mantle
specifically]
HYDROSPHERE - Answers - all water on earth's surface
Cross Sectional - Answers - view from side, as if feature were cut along a vertical plane
Block Diagram - Answers - three dimensional view
, Mercator Map Projection - Answers - the typical, flat map we see, also exaggerated at
the poles
ARCTIC - Answers - shallowest. why? because it has the most continental shelves.
ANTARCTIC - Answers -
INDIAN - Answers -
ATLANTIC - Answers -
PACIFIC - Answers - largest + deepest. why? because it has the most trenches.
-average depth of ocean - Answers - 3,800 meters
-age of seafloor - Answers - 180 million years old
-oldest + Deepest - Answers - = Mariana Trench (11,000 meters)
-average temperature - Answers - 4ºC | 38º F. why? b/c the sun only affects first 200
meters
Age of ocean - Answers - 4 billion years old
Most abundant elements in the ocean - Answers - oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, chloride
ENERGY - Answers - capacity to do work
2 Types of Energy - Answers - Kinetic energy & heat energy
KINETIC - Answers - movement of motion with anything that has a mass and speed
HEAT - Answers - movement from heat to cold through kinetic energy
Thermal Expansion - Answers - if water is: warm, density is: less, energy is: high,
where: equatorial/subequatorial regions
Thermal Contraction - Answers - if water is: cold, density is: high, energy is: low, where:
polar/subpolar regions
Sources of heat energy on Earth - Answers - Solar and Geothermal
SOLAR - Answers - affects processes such as photosynthesis, heats oceans, and
creates the weather
SCIENCE - Answers - supports the explanation of the natural world that best explains
all available observations (What is the basis of science? NEEDS EVIDENCE)
SCIENTIFIC METHOD - Answers - The process by which scientists take data from
natural world and try to answer questions.
HYPOTHESIS - Answers - A tentative, testable statement about the general
phenomena observed OR an initial idea of how, or why things happen in nature.
SCIENTIFIC THEORY - Answers - Structure of ideas that explain a wide range of
observations from our natural world *additional facts about the scientific theory:
rigorously tested, parsimonious, and includes evidence
The fields in Oceanography - Answers - Geology, Physics, Biology, Astronomy,
Chemistry, Geography
Geology - Answers - Plate tectonics, rock types, sediment, dating of ocean floor
Physics - Answers - Relativity
Biology - Answers - Evolution by natural selection
Astronomy - Answers - Gravity
Chemistry - Answers - ph Levels of Ocean
Geography - Answers - PANGEA
The Earth's 4 spheres - Answers - Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere
ATMOSPHERE - Answers - air that surrounds the earth; layer of gases
BIOSPHERE - Answers - all living organisms on earth
LITHOSPHERE - Answers - uppermost rigid, outer part of earth [crust and upper mantle
specifically]
HYDROSPHERE - Answers - all water on earth's surface
Cross Sectional - Answers - view from side, as if feature were cut along a vertical plane
Block Diagram - Answers - three dimensional view
, Mercator Map Projection - Answers - the typical, flat map we see, also exaggerated at
the poles
ARCTIC - Answers - shallowest. why? because it has the most continental shelves.
ANTARCTIC - Answers -
INDIAN - Answers -
ATLANTIC - Answers -
PACIFIC - Answers - largest + deepest. why? because it has the most trenches.
-average depth of ocean - Answers - 3,800 meters
-age of seafloor - Answers - 180 million years old
-oldest + Deepest - Answers - = Mariana Trench (11,000 meters)
-average temperature - Answers - 4ºC | 38º F. why? b/c the sun only affects first 200
meters
Age of ocean - Answers - 4 billion years old
Most abundant elements in the ocean - Answers - oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, chloride
ENERGY - Answers - capacity to do work
2 Types of Energy - Answers - Kinetic energy & heat energy
KINETIC - Answers - movement of motion with anything that has a mass and speed
HEAT - Answers - movement from heat to cold through kinetic energy
Thermal Expansion - Answers - if water is: warm, density is: less, energy is: high,
where: equatorial/subequatorial regions
Thermal Contraction - Answers - if water is: cold, density is: high, energy is: low, where:
polar/subpolar regions
Sources of heat energy on Earth - Answers - Solar and Geothermal
SOLAR - Answers - affects processes such as photosynthesis, heats oceans, and
creates the weather
