UW Madison Phys 335 Exam 4 With Questions And Answers Latest Update
2026
functions of renal system - (answer)1. regulation of water, ion balance and acid/base balance -> controls
BP
2. removal of waste products to create urea
3. removal of foreign chemicals
4. glucogenesis (making glucose from amino acids during fasting)
5. production of erythropoietin (production of RBC) and renin (controls water balance/volume of blood)
and vitamin D to build bone
renal cortex - (answer)outer layer of kidney, contains blood vessels
contains renal corpuscles for both types of nephrons, convoluted tubules and cortical nephrons
contains cortical collecting duct, JGA
renal medulla - (answer)inner layer of kidney, contains long loops of henle and collecting ducts.
juxtamedullary nephrons are in here
contains medullary collecting duct
nephron - (answer)functional unit of the kidney
bowman's capsule - (answer)where blood is filtered, surrounds glomerular capillaries
renal corpuscle - (answer)glomerulus capillaries + Bowman's capsule
,UW Madison Phys 335 Exam 4 With Questions And Answers Latest Update
2026
juxtamedullary nephrons - (answer)15% of all nephrons
long loops of henle go into renal medulla creating a concentration gradient which is important for H2O
reabsorption
contains vasa recta as peritubular capillaries
vasa recta - (answer)peritubular capillaries in juxtamedullary nephrons
maintains ISF gradient, returns reabsorbed water and solute to circulation without washing out gradient,
solutes are trapped in medulla
descending- water moves out, solutes move in
ascending- water moves in, solutes move out
cortical nephrons - (answer)85% of nephrons, short or no loops of henle so only in renal cortex
doesn't add to concentration gradient / hypertonic medullary interstitium
juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) - (answer)regulation of ion and water balance, controls BP
composed of juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
macula densa - (answer)near distal convoluted tubule, specialized epithelial
,UW Madison Phys 335 Exam 4 With Questions And Answers Latest Update
2026
sympathetic nerve fiber in JGA - (answer)comes from vasomotor system
constricts afferent arterioles and causes renin secretion from JG cells
glomerular filtration - (answer)first step in urine formation, 20% of plasma is filtered into tubule via bulk
flow
tubular secretion - (answer)second step in urine formation, movement of plasma from capillary to
lumen of tubule
tubular reabsorption - (answer)third step in urine formation, movement of plasma from tubule to
capillary
Equation for urinary excretion - (answer)1 (glomerular filtration) + 2 (tubular secretion) - 3 (tubular
reabsorption)
what substance is described?
20% freely filtered and then 100% secreted - (answer)drugs, toxins (waste products)
what substance is described?
20% freely filtered and then partially reabsorbed - (answer)Na+, Cl-, water (drink more, reabsorb less)
which substance is described?
, UW Madison Phys 335 Exam 4 With Questions And Answers Latest Update
2026
20% freely filtered and then 100% reabsorption - (answer)glucose, amino acids
glomerular filtration barrier layers - (answer)between glomerular capillaries and bowman's capsule
1. capillary endothelium (leaky pores which are called fenestraé and are like windows)
2. basement membrane (negatively charged, excludes plasma proteins)
3. bowman's epithelium (podocytes)
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - (answer)volume of fluid filtered from glomeruli into bowman's space
per unit time
average = 125 ml/min aka 180 L/day (filtered 60 times per day)
Pgc - (answer)glomerular capillary blood pressure
normally 60mmHg
Pbs - (answer)fluid pressure in bowman's space
normally 15mmHg
opposes filtration, goes from bowman's space to glomerular capillary
piGC - (answer)osmotic force due to protein in plasma
2026
functions of renal system - (answer)1. regulation of water, ion balance and acid/base balance -> controls
BP
2. removal of waste products to create urea
3. removal of foreign chemicals
4. glucogenesis (making glucose from amino acids during fasting)
5. production of erythropoietin (production of RBC) and renin (controls water balance/volume of blood)
and vitamin D to build bone
renal cortex - (answer)outer layer of kidney, contains blood vessels
contains renal corpuscles for both types of nephrons, convoluted tubules and cortical nephrons
contains cortical collecting duct, JGA
renal medulla - (answer)inner layer of kidney, contains long loops of henle and collecting ducts.
juxtamedullary nephrons are in here
contains medullary collecting duct
nephron - (answer)functional unit of the kidney
bowman's capsule - (answer)where blood is filtered, surrounds glomerular capillaries
renal corpuscle - (answer)glomerulus capillaries + Bowman's capsule
,UW Madison Phys 335 Exam 4 With Questions And Answers Latest Update
2026
juxtamedullary nephrons - (answer)15% of all nephrons
long loops of henle go into renal medulla creating a concentration gradient which is important for H2O
reabsorption
contains vasa recta as peritubular capillaries
vasa recta - (answer)peritubular capillaries in juxtamedullary nephrons
maintains ISF gradient, returns reabsorbed water and solute to circulation without washing out gradient,
solutes are trapped in medulla
descending- water moves out, solutes move in
ascending- water moves in, solutes move out
cortical nephrons - (answer)85% of nephrons, short or no loops of henle so only in renal cortex
doesn't add to concentration gradient / hypertonic medullary interstitium
juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) - (answer)regulation of ion and water balance, controls BP
composed of juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
macula densa - (answer)near distal convoluted tubule, specialized epithelial
,UW Madison Phys 335 Exam 4 With Questions And Answers Latest Update
2026
sympathetic nerve fiber in JGA - (answer)comes from vasomotor system
constricts afferent arterioles and causes renin secretion from JG cells
glomerular filtration - (answer)first step in urine formation, 20% of plasma is filtered into tubule via bulk
flow
tubular secretion - (answer)second step in urine formation, movement of plasma from capillary to
lumen of tubule
tubular reabsorption - (answer)third step in urine formation, movement of plasma from tubule to
capillary
Equation for urinary excretion - (answer)1 (glomerular filtration) + 2 (tubular secretion) - 3 (tubular
reabsorption)
what substance is described?
20% freely filtered and then 100% secreted - (answer)drugs, toxins (waste products)
what substance is described?
20% freely filtered and then partially reabsorbed - (answer)Na+, Cl-, water (drink more, reabsorb less)
which substance is described?
, UW Madison Phys 335 Exam 4 With Questions And Answers Latest Update
2026
20% freely filtered and then 100% reabsorption - (answer)glucose, amino acids
glomerular filtration barrier layers - (answer)between glomerular capillaries and bowman's capsule
1. capillary endothelium (leaky pores which are called fenestraé and are like windows)
2. basement membrane (negatively charged, excludes plasma proteins)
3. bowman's epithelium (podocytes)
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - (answer)volume of fluid filtered from glomeruli into bowman's space
per unit time
average = 125 ml/min aka 180 L/day (filtered 60 times per day)
Pgc - (answer)glomerular capillary blood pressure
normally 60mmHg
Pbs - (answer)fluid pressure in bowman's space
normally 15mmHg
opposes filtration, goes from bowman's space to glomerular capillary
piGC - (answer)osmotic force due to protein in plasma
