OCEAN 100 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Euphotic zone - Answers - first 200 meters
-where photosynthesis can take place
-suns radiation can be absorbed
Seed Plants - Answers - -true plants
-not very abundant
-grasses, eelgrass and surfgrass
-mangroves
-like warm, muddy waters
-have a root system
Protists - Answers - a) large algae(seaweed)
-brown algae(kelp), green (sponge weed), red (rhodophyta)
b) phytoplankton(small algae)
-most producers
-diatoms
-coccolithophores
-dinoflagellates
Eukaryotes - Answers - seed plants and protists
Prokaryotes - Answers - -ancient and very old
-blue-green algae, cyanobacteria
-first photosynthesizers, phytoplankton (chalk)
-red algae is adapted to survive at greater depths (irish moss)
regions of high productivity - Answers - -polar regions
-coasts
-coral reefs
polar regions - Answers - -no thermocline
-great amounts of sea life
coasts - Answers - -upwelling b/c eckman transport(winds moving water)
-nutrients coming from land
coral reefs - Answers - very productive
regions of low productivity - Answers - -subtropical gyres
-far from coasts
-water doesn't move up or down
-no upwelling
-very high thermocline
, energy flow - Answers - -Producers
-Consumers
producers - Answers - -all photosynthetic
-autotrophs-self surviving (produce their own food)
consumers - Answers - -all animals
-heterotrophs -must consume other organisms (can't stay alive if they don't)
vertebrates - Answers - fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Adaptations to the Marine Environment - Answers - 1. Swimming/buoyancy
2. Avoiding Predators
3. Gas Exchange
4. Adaptations of deep sea fishes
Diffusion - Answers - there is a higher concentration of C02 in the water as the fish
breathes there is a lower concentration of C02 in the blood
Bony fishes - Answers - -osteichthyes
-most successful group in the oceans
Placoderms - Answers - -armored jawed fishes
-400 mya
-some of the oldest fishes
Cartilaginous fish - Answers - -chondrichthyes
-sharks, rays
-been around for ~300 million years
Sharks - Answers - 1) 80% of all species are not dangerous
2) Remarkable senses: lateral line
3) Very successful, well adapted fishes
Whale Shark - Answers - -largest fish (15meters ~45 feet long)
-feeds on plankton and krill
Characteristics of ALL Mammals - Answers - -mammary glands
-hair/fur
-live young
Marine Mammals - Answers - -streamline body
-high metabolism
-large (blue whale is largest)
Euphotic zone - Answers - first 200 meters
-where photosynthesis can take place
-suns radiation can be absorbed
Seed Plants - Answers - -true plants
-not very abundant
-grasses, eelgrass and surfgrass
-mangroves
-like warm, muddy waters
-have a root system
Protists - Answers - a) large algae(seaweed)
-brown algae(kelp), green (sponge weed), red (rhodophyta)
b) phytoplankton(small algae)
-most producers
-diatoms
-coccolithophores
-dinoflagellates
Eukaryotes - Answers - seed plants and protists
Prokaryotes - Answers - -ancient and very old
-blue-green algae, cyanobacteria
-first photosynthesizers, phytoplankton (chalk)
-red algae is adapted to survive at greater depths (irish moss)
regions of high productivity - Answers - -polar regions
-coasts
-coral reefs
polar regions - Answers - -no thermocline
-great amounts of sea life
coasts - Answers - -upwelling b/c eckman transport(winds moving water)
-nutrients coming from land
coral reefs - Answers - very productive
regions of low productivity - Answers - -subtropical gyres
-far from coasts
-water doesn't move up or down
-no upwelling
-very high thermocline
, energy flow - Answers - -Producers
-Consumers
producers - Answers - -all photosynthetic
-autotrophs-self surviving (produce their own food)
consumers - Answers - -all animals
-heterotrophs -must consume other organisms (can't stay alive if they don't)
vertebrates - Answers - fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Adaptations to the Marine Environment - Answers - 1. Swimming/buoyancy
2. Avoiding Predators
3. Gas Exchange
4. Adaptations of deep sea fishes
Diffusion - Answers - there is a higher concentration of C02 in the water as the fish
breathes there is a lower concentration of C02 in the blood
Bony fishes - Answers - -osteichthyes
-most successful group in the oceans
Placoderms - Answers - -armored jawed fishes
-400 mya
-some of the oldest fishes
Cartilaginous fish - Answers - -chondrichthyes
-sharks, rays
-been around for ~300 million years
Sharks - Answers - 1) 80% of all species are not dangerous
2) Remarkable senses: lateral line
3) Very successful, well adapted fishes
Whale Shark - Answers - -largest fish (15meters ~45 feet long)
-feeds on plankton and krill
Characteristics of ALL Mammals - Answers - -mammary glands
-hair/fur
-live young
Marine Mammals - Answers - -streamline body
-high metabolism
-large (blue whale is largest)
