OCEANS 100 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What atoms make up the water molecule and what are their charges? - Answers - 1
Oxygen atom (-) and 2 Hydrogen atoms (+)
These atoms are bonded together by covalent bonds
What is the bond angle for the water molecule? - Answers - 105°
What is so particular about the water molecule? (What can it do?) - Answers - Water
molecules are universal solvents, which means they can dissolve any substance with
enough time (not plastic)
What is the bond that connects water molecules together? - Answers - Hydrogen bonds
are intermolecular bonds that connect water molecules together. This allows water to
have surface tension (less dense objects can float)
Why is water a polar molecule? - Answers - Water has positive hydrogen atoms and
negative oxygen atoms, which makes it electromagnetic
What happens to NaCl when it is combined with water? - Answers - It dissolves. This is
because the positive hydrogen pulls out the negative chloride, and the negative oxygen
pulls out the positive sodium
What are the three phases of water? - Answers - 1. Liquid (water): molecules locked in
place
2. Solid (ice): most molecules connected
3. Gas (vapor): independent molecules, none connected
How do the three phases of water change into one another? - Answers - Ice + heat =
water
Water + heat = vapor
Vapor - heat = water
Water - heat = ice
What is the heat capacity of water? - Answers - 4.184 Joules/g°C
, Water has a high heat capacity
How does the heat capacity of water affect the climate? - Answers - Because it takes a
lot of heat and time for water to become hot, oceans moderate the climate
What is the heat capacity of sand? - Answers - 0.830 J/g°C
Sand has low heat capacity
How does the heat capacity of sand and water affect the climate? - Answers - It causes
storms to move from W > E
Places with a lot of water are colder (Antarctica)
Places with a lot of land (sand) are hotter (Death Valley)
How does salinity and temperature affect density? - Answers - Low temp, high salinity=
high density
High temp, low salinity= low density
Density - Answers - D= mass/volume
What temp is water most dense? - Answers - 4°C
How does water density change with temp? (Why does ice float?) - Answers - As water
cools, it gets denser but decreases in density as it freezes
Ice density < water density; ice floats
Salinity - Answers - The total amount of dissolved solids(ions) in water; typically salt
What atoms make up the water molecule and what are their charges? - Answers - 1
Oxygen atom (-) and 2 Hydrogen atoms (+)
These atoms are bonded together by covalent bonds
What is the bond angle for the water molecule? - Answers - 105°
What is so particular about the water molecule? (What can it do?) - Answers - Water
molecules are universal solvents, which means they can dissolve any substance with
enough time (not plastic)
What is the bond that connects water molecules together? - Answers - Hydrogen bonds
are intermolecular bonds that connect water molecules together. This allows water to
have surface tension (less dense objects can float)
Why is water a polar molecule? - Answers - Water has positive hydrogen atoms and
negative oxygen atoms, which makes it electromagnetic
What happens to NaCl when it is combined with water? - Answers - It dissolves. This is
because the positive hydrogen pulls out the negative chloride, and the negative oxygen
pulls out the positive sodium
What are the three phases of water? - Answers - 1. Liquid (water): molecules locked in
place
2. Solid (ice): most molecules connected
3. Gas (vapor): independent molecules, none connected
How do the three phases of water change into one another? - Answers - Ice + heat =
water
Water + heat = vapor
Vapor - heat = water
Water - heat = ice
What is the heat capacity of water? - Answers - 4.184 Joules/g°C
, Water has a high heat capacity
How does the heat capacity of water affect the climate? - Answers - Because it takes a
lot of heat and time for water to become hot, oceans moderate the climate
What is the heat capacity of sand? - Answers - 0.830 J/g°C
Sand has low heat capacity
How does the heat capacity of sand and water affect the climate? - Answers - It causes
storms to move from W > E
Places with a lot of water are colder (Antarctica)
Places with a lot of land (sand) are hotter (Death Valley)
How does salinity and temperature affect density? - Answers - Low temp, high salinity=
high density
High temp, low salinity= low density
Density - Answers - D= mass/volume
What temp is water most dense? - Answers - 4°C
How does water density change with temp? (Why does ice float?) - Answers - As water
cools, it gets denser but decreases in density as it freezes
Ice density < water density; ice floats
Salinity - Answers - The total amount of dissolved solids(ions) in water; typically salt
