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when a retinal vein is compressed by an arteriole that causes the venule to collapse - CORRECT
ANSWER-when does arteriovenous nicking occur
low dose thiazide diuretic or CCB (long acting dihydropyrisine) - CORRECT ANSWER-In isolated
systolic hypertension in older adults, what is the preferred medications
gynecomastia - CORRECT ANSWER-side effect of spirinolactone
thiazides. thiazides help bone loss by slowing down calcium loss (from the bone) and
stimulating osteoclasts - CORRECT ANSWER-Women with hypertension and
osteopenia/osteoporosis should receive what medication? why?
ACE inhibitors and ARBs - CORRECT ANSWER-for patients with hypertension and DM, CKD, and
HF use which meds
ACE inhibitors and ARBs - CORRECT ANSWER-in bilateral renal artery stenosis, which meds will
precipitate acute renal failure
,increased risk of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-avoiding combinings ACE inhibitors with
potassium sparing diuretics for what reason
patients with preexisting BPH - CORRECT ANSWER-alpha blockers are not first line drugs for
hypertension except for which patients
pulsus paradoxus - CORRECT ANSWER-fall in SBP of more than 10 mm Hg during the inspiratory
phase
cardiac tamponade - CORRECT ANSWER-pulsus parodoxus is an indication of what
tachypnea, disappearance of or lack of wheezing, accessory muscle use, diaphoresis, and
exhaustion - CORRECT ANSWER-signs of severe respiratory distress
inhaled corticosteroids - CORRECT ANSWER-first line drugs for asthma
osteoporosis, growth failure in children, glaucoma, cataracts, immune suppression,
hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal suppression, and other effects - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic use
of high dose inhaled steroids can cause
LABA - CORRECT ANSWER-which medication should not be used for rescue treatment
night awakenings occur two or more times per month - CORRECT ANSWER-describe night
awakenings in intermittent asthma
PEF, height, age, sex - CORRECT ANSWER-factors needed to figure out peak expiratory flow
all patients for immediate symptom relief - CORRECT ANSWER-rescue short acting
bronchodilators should be prescribed to
, short acting antimuscarinic or SAMA - CORRECT ANSWER-what type of medication is
ipratropium (atrovent)?
long acting bronchodilator - CORRECT ANSWER-the preferred choice of therapy for mild COPD
(Group A) is
Haemophilus influenzae bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-COPD/smoker with pneumonia is at
higher risk for
M. pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae - CORRECT ANSWER-top two bacteria in atypical pneumonia
S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae - CORRECT ANSWER-top two bacteria in CAP are
S. pneumoniae - CORRECT ANSWER-rust colored or blood tinged sputum means which bacteria
is more likely
presentation, signs and symptoms, and CXR - CORRECT ANSWER-outpatient CAP diagnosis is
based on
severe hacking cough of >2 weeks. initial symptoms are low grade fever and rhinorrhea with a
mild cough. cough becomes severe with inspiratory "whooping" sounds. - CORRECT ANSWER-
presentation for pertussis
first line treatment is macrolides. azithromycin 500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg daily from days 2
to 5 (drug of choice of very young infants) - CORRECT ANSWER-treatment of pertussis
negative - CORRECT ANSWER-PPD less than 10 mm