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A
70
Question: Ms. Petra is presenting a lesson about the water cycle and has
given each student a diagram to label. As she teaches, she moves toward
a student named Tyler, who she notices is being inattentive. Without
interrupting instruction, she points to the place on Tyler's diagram where
he should be writing a label. Ms. Petra's actions can best be classified as
an example of
• A. nonverbal communication
• B. differentiation of instruction
• C. checking for understanding
• D. closure Ans✓✓✓ Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. Cues, such as the teacher pointing to the place on
the student's diagram, are types of receptive nonverbal communication
in which some type of interaction is used to communicate a desired
reaction.
69
Question: Mr.Young's middle school students are having difficulty with
a project that requires them to keep a notebook in which they record
careful, systematic scientific observations and then write two possible
hypotheses that could be tested on the basis of the observations. Which
of the following theories will best help Mr. Young understand why so
many of his students are having difficulty with the project?
,• A. Erik Erikson's theory on the stages of psychological development
• B. Jerome Bruner's theory on how information is processed
• C. Jean Piaget's theory on the stages of cognitive development
• D. Lev Vygotsky's theory on social learning Ans✓✓✓ Correct
Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. Piaget's classification of the stages of
developmental readiness suggests that the students may not yet be ready
to move from concrete observations (the concrete operational stage) to
abstract hypotheses (the formal operational stage).
68
Question: Students read an article discussing common causes of the
endangerment of species in this decade. The teacher then asks students
to answer the following question.
"What are some factors that contribute to the endangerment of a
species?"
The question serves primarily to
• A. check for understanding
• B. request clarification
• C. encourage divergent thinking
• D. assess evaluative skills Ans✓✓✓ Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. This question is designed to assess a teacher's
knowledge of questioning. When checking for understanding during a
,lesson, questions are generally at the lower levels, requiring students to
recall facts and other information that was covered. The teacher's
question requires students to recall factors that contribute to the
endangerment of species.
67
Question: Which of the following best characterizes a teachable
moment?
• A. The teacher includes news accounts of contemporary historical
events as part of the planned instructional materials.
• B. The teacher briefly digresses from the planned lesson to explain a
concept or event that has captured students' collective interest.
• C. The teacher discontinues a lesson to address poor behavior or to
improve a negative classroom atmosphere.
• D. The teacher gives students an opportunity to learn a concept
implicitly rather than through direct instruction. Ans✓✓✓ Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. A teachable moment is often spontaneous, such as
focusing on a concept that has captured students' collective interest.
66
Question: A teacher wants students to effectively use peer assessment to
improve their writing. Which of the following is the best first step when
guiding students in how to do so?
, • A. Introducing a checklist for evaluating a peer's writing
• B. Evaluating sample writing pieces as a class
• C. Establishing criteria for good writing
• D. Following the procedures for effective writing Ans✓✓✓ Correct
Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. The best first step when using peer assessment in
the classroom is to establish criteria. As a group, students determine
what should be assessed and how criteria for successful completion of
the communication task should be defined to provide the most helpful
feedback to their peers.
65
Question: Which of the following resources is primarily used as an aid
in getting students to understand an abstract concept at a physical or
concrete level?
• A. Computer simulations
• B. Manipulatives
• C. Videos or DVDs
• D. Learning games Ans✓✓✓ Correct Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. For a learner to understand and handle a concept at
the abstract or symbolic level successfully, he or she must first
understand the concept at the other two levels — concrete then pictorial.
Using concrete manipulatives is the first step to using mental images and
models. When students demonstrate understanding with the concept at
this physical, or concrete, level, then they are ready to move to the next