VNSG 2510 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What is kidney cancer? - Answer- Tumors begin growing in the renal cortex. As they get
bigger they press into the renal structures. The blood vessels then become constricted.
What are the signs and symptoms of kidney cancer? - Answer- - Hematuria.
- Possible enlarged kidney.
- Flank pain.
- Hypertension.
- Usually no pain or palpable abdominal mass until later stage.
What are the causes of kidney cancer? - Answer- - Smoking.
- Exposure to lead and phosphate.
What is testicular torsion? - Answer- The twisting of the testes and spermatic cord.*
What are the different causes of the urinary disorders? - Answer- - Bacterial: infection.
- Metabolic: diabetes.
- Circulatory: atherosclerosis.
- Immunological: glomerulonephritis.
- Obstructions: stones.
- Tubular Necrosis.
What is a renal biopsy? - Answer- Used to evaluate for causes of renal disease,
malignancy and conditions leading to renal failure or to check for kidney rejection.
- Can be done open or closed.
What is the post-operative care after a renal biopsy? - Answer- - Lay the patient flat in
bed for 6+ hours.
- Monitor for bright red blood or clots for 24 hours.
- Report any back or flank pain.
- Increase fluids to 3,000mL.
- Monitor I&O and vital signs.
What is a renal angiogram? - Answer- A catheter is inserted through the femoral artery
to the aorta, contrast agent is injected into each renal artery.
- This identifies areas of obstruction to blood flow.
, What is the post-operative care after a renal angiogram? - Answer- - Bed rest for 12-24
hours.
- Lay flat in the bed for 4-12 hours.
- Check pedal and popliteal pulses; distal to where the injection was inserted.
- Monitor IV site and vital signs.
What is a cystoscopy? - Answer- Invasive procedure used for diagnosis or treatment,
uses direct visualization with scope into the urethra, bladder or ureter.
What is the post-operative care after a cystoscopy? - Answer- - Increased fluids to
prevent blood clots.*
- Check urine color: normal for pink tinge 24-48 hours.
- Analgesics: normal for burning urination for 1-2 days.
- Sitz bath.
- I&O and vital signs.
What are the age related changes of the urinary system? - Answer- - Decrease muscle
tone of the bladder: leads to urinary incontinence/residual urine.
- Loss of ability to concentrate urine.
- Bladder gets smaller; frequent emptying of the bladder
- Decreased renin, aldosterone and vitamin D.
- Renal flow and GFR decrease.
- In men; hypertrophies causes obstruction of urine flow.
What is the patient teaching for patients administering sulfonamides? - Answer-
Increase fluids to 3,000-3,500 mL/day.
When dose glomerulonephritis occur? - Answer- Can occur within 2-3 weeks after
infection.
- Occurs after a beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection (strep throat or impetigo). Can
also occur in response to a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection else where in the body.
What causes glomerulonephritis? - Answer- An autoimmune inflammatory condition; an
antigen/antibody reaction.*
- Deposits in the glomerular membrane and causes damage and scarring of the renal
tissues.
What are signs and symptoms of testicular torsion? - Answer- - Sudden acute scrotal
pain.
- Absence of the cremasteric reflux (reaction of the testicle when the inner thigh is
stroked).
- Nausea or vomiting.
What is the treatment for testicular torsion? - Answer- - Prepare for emergency surgery
to secure testicles within the scrotum or to remove the entire testicle.
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What is kidney cancer? - Answer- Tumors begin growing in the renal cortex. As they get
bigger they press into the renal structures. The blood vessels then become constricted.
What are the signs and symptoms of kidney cancer? - Answer- - Hematuria.
- Possible enlarged kidney.
- Flank pain.
- Hypertension.
- Usually no pain or palpable abdominal mass until later stage.
What are the causes of kidney cancer? - Answer- - Smoking.
- Exposure to lead and phosphate.
What is testicular torsion? - Answer- The twisting of the testes and spermatic cord.*
What are the different causes of the urinary disorders? - Answer- - Bacterial: infection.
- Metabolic: diabetes.
- Circulatory: atherosclerosis.
- Immunological: glomerulonephritis.
- Obstructions: stones.
- Tubular Necrosis.
What is a renal biopsy? - Answer- Used to evaluate for causes of renal disease,
malignancy and conditions leading to renal failure or to check for kidney rejection.
- Can be done open or closed.
What is the post-operative care after a renal biopsy? - Answer- - Lay the patient flat in
bed for 6+ hours.
- Monitor for bright red blood or clots for 24 hours.
- Report any back or flank pain.
- Increase fluids to 3,000mL.
- Monitor I&O and vital signs.
What is a renal angiogram? - Answer- A catheter is inserted through the femoral artery
to the aorta, contrast agent is injected into each renal artery.
- This identifies areas of obstruction to blood flow.
, What is the post-operative care after a renal angiogram? - Answer- - Bed rest for 12-24
hours.
- Lay flat in the bed for 4-12 hours.
- Check pedal and popliteal pulses; distal to where the injection was inserted.
- Monitor IV site and vital signs.
What is a cystoscopy? - Answer- Invasive procedure used for diagnosis or treatment,
uses direct visualization with scope into the urethra, bladder or ureter.
What is the post-operative care after a cystoscopy? - Answer- - Increased fluids to
prevent blood clots.*
- Check urine color: normal for pink tinge 24-48 hours.
- Analgesics: normal for burning urination for 1-2 days.
- Sitz bath.
- I&O and vital signs.
What are the age related changes of the urinary system? - Answer- - Decrease muscle
tone of the bladder: leads to urinary incontinence/residual urine.
- Loss of ability to concentrate urine.
- Bladder gets smaller; frequent emptying of the bladder
- Decreased renin, aldosterone and vitamin D.
- Renal flow and GFR decrease.
- In men; hypertrophies causes obstruction of urine flow.
What is the patient teaching for patients administering sulfonamides? - Answer-
Increase fluids to 3,000-3,500 mL/day.
When dose glomerulonephritis occur? - Answer- Can occur within 2-3 weeks after
infection.
- Occurs after a beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection (strep throat or impetigo). Can
also occur in response to a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection else where in the body.
What causes glomerulonephritis? - Answer- An autoimmune inflammatory condition; an
antigen/antibody reaction.*
- Deposits in the glomerular membrane and causes damage and scarring of the renal
tissues.
What are signs and symptoms of testicular torsion? - Answer- - Sudden acute scrotal
pain.
- Absence of the cremasteric reflux (reaction of the testicle when the inner thigh is
stroked).
- Nausea or vomiting.
What is the treatment for testicular torsion? - Answer- - Prepare for emergency surgery
to secure testicles within the scrotum or to remove the entire testicle.
