NSG 6420 ADULT-GERIATRICS EXAM AND
PRACTICE QUESTIONS ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
1.
An 82-year-old male with a history of hypertension and osteoarthritis presents with
confusion, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output after several days
of vomiting. Which finding is most concerning for hypovolemic shock?
A. Heart rate 104/min
B. Blood pressure 82/48 mmHg
C. Capillary refill 3 seconds
D. Respiratory rate 22/min
Correct Answer: B. Blood pressure 82/48 mmHg
Rationale: Hypotension is a late and serious sign of hypovolemic shock indicating
inadequate tissue perfusion. Tachycardia and mild tachypnea may occur earlier,
but profound hypotension requires immediate intervention.
2.
A 76-year-old female with type 2 diabetes reports burning pain and numbness in
both feet. Which complication is most likely occurring?
A. Peripheral arterial disease
B. Diabetic neuropathy
C. Cellulitis
D. Deep vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: B. Diabetic neuropathy
,Rationale: Burning, tingling, and numbness in a stocking distribution are classic
findings of diabetic peripheral neuropathy caused by chronic hyperglycemia-
related nerve damage.
3.
An older adult taking warfarin presents with black tarry stools and weakness.
Which laboratory value should the nurse practitioner review first?
A. Serum sodium
B. INR
C. Potassium level
D. Hemoglobin A1c
Correct Answer: B. INR
Rationale: Black tarry stools suggest gastrointestinal bleeding. Warfarin therapy
requires monitoring of INR to assess bleeding risk and anticoagulation status.
4.
A 70-year-old patient with COPD suddenly develops shortness of breath and
unilateral absent breath sounds after coughing forcefully. Which condition should
the provider suspect?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Pneumonia
C. Pneumothorax
D. Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: C. Pneumothorax
Rationale: Sudden dyspnea with unilateral absent breath sounds strongly suggests
pneumothorax, especially in COPD patients with ruptured blebs.
,5.
An elderly patient is prescribed digoxin. Which symptom may indicate digoxin
toxicity?
A. Polyuria
B. Blurred yellow vision
C. Hypertension
D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: B. Blurred yellow vision
Rationale: Visual disturbances such as yellow halos or blurred vision are classic
manifestations of digoxin toxicity, especially in older adults.
6.
A 79-year-old woman complains of progressive memory loss that interferes with
daily activities. She frequently forgets familiar names and becomes disoriented in
her neighborhood. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Delirium
B. Depression
C. Alzheimer disease
D. Normal aging
Correct Answer: C. Alzheimer disease
Rationale: Progressive cognitive decline affecting memory, orientation, and daily
functioning is characteristic of Alzheimer disease.
7.
Which intervention is most appropriate for preventing falls in hospitalized geriatric
patients?
A. Use of physical restraints
B. Bed rest during hospitalization
, C. Scheduled toileting and clear pathways
D. Limiting fluid intake
Correct Answer: C. Scheduled toileting and clear pathways
Rationale: Fall prevention strategies include environmental safety measures and
scheduled toileting. Restraints may increase injury risk.
8.
An 84-year-old patient with atrial fibrillation suddenly develops right-sided
weakness and slurred speech. What is the priority action?
A. Administer aspirin immediately
B. Obtain blood cultures
C. Activate stroke protocol
D. Check HbA1c
Correct Answer: C. Activate stroke protocol
Rationale: Acute neurologic deficits require immediate stroke evaluation to
determine eligibility for time-sensitive interventions.
9.
A patient with heart failure presents with bilateral crackles, peripheral edema, and
shortness of breath. Which medication class is most beneficial for reducing fluid
overload?
A. Beta blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Loop diuretics
D. Calcium channel blockers
Correct Answer: C. Loop diuretics
Rationale: Loop diuretics rapidly reduce fluid overload and pulmonary congestion
in heart failure.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
1.
An 82-year-old male with a history of hypertension and osteoarthritis presents with
confusion, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output after several days
of vomiting. Which finding is most concerning for hypovolemic shock?
A. Heart rate 104/min
B. Blood pressure 82/48 mmHg
C. Capillary refill 3 seconds
D. Respiratory rate 22/min
Correct Answer: B. Blood pressure 82/48 mmHg
Rationale: Hypotension is a late and serious sign of hypovolemic shock indicating
inadequate tissue perfusion. Tachycardia and mild tachypnea may occur earlier,
but profound hypotension requires immediate intervention.
2.
A 76-year-old female with type 2 diabetes reports burning pain and numbness in
both feet. Which complication is most likely occurring?
A. Peripheral arterial disease
B. Diabetic neuropathy
C. Cellulitis
D. Deep vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: B. Diabetic neuropathy
,Rationale: Burning, tingling, and numbness in a stocking distribution are classic
findings of diabetic peripheral neuropathy caused by chronic hyperglycemia-
related nerve damage.
3.
An older adult taking warfarin presents with black tarry stools and weakness.
Which laboratory value should the nurse practitioner review first?
A. Serum sodium
B. INR
C. Potassium level
D. Hemoglobin A1c
Correct Answer: B. INR
Rationale: Black tarry stools suggest gastrointestinal bleeding. Warfarin therapy
requires monitoring of INR to assess bleeding risk and anticoagulation status.
4.
A 70-year-old patient with COPD suddenly develops shortness of breath and
unilateral absent breath sounds after coughing forcefully. Which condition should
the provider suspect?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Pneumonia
C. Pneumothorax
D. Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: C. Pneumothorax
Rationale: Sudden dyspnea with unilateral absent breath sounds strongly suggests
pneumothorax, especially in COPD patients with ruptured blebs.
,5.
An elderly patient is prescribed digoxin. Which symptom may indicate digoxin
toxicity?
A. Polyuria
B. Blurred yellow vision
C. Hypertension
D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: B. Blurred yellow vision
Rationale: Visual disturbances such as yellow halos or blurred vision are classic
manifestations of digoxin toxicity, especially in older adults.
6.
A 79-year-old woman complains of progressive memory loss that interferes with
daily activities. She frequently forgets familiar names and becomes disoriented in
her neighborhood. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Delirium
B. Depression
C. Alzheimer disease
D. Normal aging
Correct Answer: C. Alzheimer disease
Rationale: Progressive cognitive decline affecting memory, orientation, and daily
functioning is characteristic of Alzheimer disease.
7.
Which intervention is most appropriate for preventing falls in hospitalized geriatric
patients?
A. Use of physical restraints
B. Bed rest during hospitalization
, C. Scheduled toileting and clear pathways
D. Limiting fluid intake
Correct Answer: C. Scheduled toileting and clear pathways
Rationale: Fall prevention strategies include environmental safety measures and
scheduled toileting. Restraints may increase injury risk.
8.
An 84-year-old patient with atrial fibrillation suddenly develops right-sided
weakness and slurred speech. What is the priority action?
A. Administer aspirin immediately
B. Obtain blood cultures
C. Activate stroke protocol
D. Check HbA1c
Correct Answer: C. Activate stroke protocol
Rationale: Acute neurologic deficits require immediate stroke evaluation to
determine eligibility for time-sensitive interventions.
9.
A patient with heart failure presents with bilateral crackles, peripheral edema, and
shortness of breath. Which medication class is most beneficial for reducing fluid
overload?
A. Beta blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Loop diuretics
D. Calcium channel blockers
Correct Answer: C. Loop diuretics
Rationale: Loop diuretics rapidly reduce fluid overload and pulmonary congestion
in heart failure.
