BIOS 255 Anatomy & Physiology III
Exam 1 (Latest Update )
Anatomy and Physiology IV with Lab |
Questions & Answers | 100% Correct |
Grade A - Chamberlain
1. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for
filtration of blood?
A. Glomerulus
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Loop of Henle
Correct Answer: A. Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus filters plasma from blood into Bowman's
capsule.
2. Which structure collects filtrate from the glomerulus?
A. Bowman's capsule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Proximal tubule
D. Collecting duct
,Correct Answer: A. Bowman's capsule
Rationale: Surrounds glomerulus and funnels filtrate into nephron.
3. Which nephron segment reabsorbs the most sodium, water,
and nutrients?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A. Proximal convoluted tubule
Rationale: Active reabsorption occurs here for most solutes.
4. Which nephron segment creates the medullary osmotic
gradient?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Proximal tubule
C. Distal tubule
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A. Loop of Henle
Rationale: Countercurrent mechanism concentrates urine.
5. Which nephron segment fine-tunes ion and pH balance?
A. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Proximal tubule
C. Loop of Henle
,D. Glomerulus
Correct Answer: A. Distal convoluted tubule
Rationale: Hormonal regulation occurs here (aldosterone, ADH).
6. Which structure collects urine from multiple nephrons?
A. Collecting duct
B. Loop of Henle
C. Proximal tubule
D. Glomerulus
Correct Answer: A. Collecting duct
Rationale: Carries final urine to renal pelvis.
7. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in collecting
ducts?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANP
D. Renin
Correct Answer: A. ADH
Rationale: Inserts aquaporins to conserve water.
8. Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium
secretion?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH
, C. ANP
D. Renin
Correct Answer: A. Aldosterone
Rationale: Secreted by adrenal cortex to regulate blood pressure.
9. Which hormone lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium
excretion?
A. ANP
B. ADH
C. Aldosterone
D. Renin
Correct Answer: A. ANP
Rationale: Promotes natriuresis and reduces blood volume.
10. Which enzyme initiates the renin-angiotensin system?
A. Renin
B. ACE
C. ADH
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: A. Renin
Rationale: Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
11. Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
A. ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)
B. Renin
Exam 1 (Latest Update )
Anatomy and Physiology IV with Lab |
Questions & Answers | 100% Correct |
Grade A - Chamberlain
1. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for
filtration of blood?
A. Glomerulus
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Loop of Henle
Correct Answer: A. Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus filters plasma from blood into Bowman's
capsule.
2. Which structure collects filtrate from the glomerulus?
A. Bowman's capsule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Proximal tubule
D. Collecting duct
,Correct Answer: A. Bowman's capsule
Rationale: Surrounds glomerulus and funnels filtrate into nephron.
3. Which nephron segment reabsorbs the most sodium, water,
and nutrients?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A. Proximal convoluted tubule
Rationale: Active reabsorption occurs here for most solutes.
4. Which nephron segment creates the medullary osmotic
gradient?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Proximal tubule
C. Distal tubule
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: A. Loop of Henle
Rationale: Countercurrent mechanism concentrates urine.
5. Which nephron segment fine-tunes ion and pH balance?
A. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Proximal tubule
C. Loop of Henle
,D. Glomerulus
Correct Answer: A. Distal convoluted tubule
Rationale: Hormonal regulation occurs here (aldosterone, ADH).
6. Which structure collects urine from multiple nephrons?
A. Collecting duct
B. Loop of Henle
C. Proximal tubule
D. Glomerulus
Correct Answer: A. Collecting duct
Rationale: Carries final urine to renal pelvis.
7. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in collecting
ducts?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANP
D. Renin
Correct Answer: A. ADH
Rationale: Inserts aquaporins to conserve water.
8. Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium
secretion?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH
, C. ANP
D. Renin
Correct Answer: A. Aldosterone
Rationale: Secreted by adrenal cortex to regulate blood pressure.
9. Which hormone lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium
excretion?
A. ANP
B. ADH
C. Aldosterone
D. Renin
Correct Answer: A. ANP
Rationale: Promotes natriuresis and reduces blood volume.
10. Which enzyme initiates the renin-angiotensin system?
A. Renin
B. ACE
C. ADH
D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: A. Renin
Rationale: Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
11. Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
A. ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)
B. Renin
