BIO 148 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Biology - Correct Answers -the study of life
Organism - Correct Answers -any living entity that contains one or more cells
Cell - Correct Answers -the most basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. A
membrane-bound structure capable of self-replicating
Plasma membrane - Correct Answers -a membrane that surrounds a cell, separating it
from the external environment and selectively regulating passage of molecules and ions
into and out of the cell. Aka cell membrane
Cell Theory - Correct Answers -the theory that all organisms are made of cells and that
all cells come from preexisting cells
Prokaryote - Correct Answers -a member of the domain Bacteria or Archaea; a
unicellular organism lacking a nucleus and organelles
Eukaryote - Correct Answers -a member of the domain Eukarya; an organism whose
cells contain a nucleus, numerous membrane-bound organelles, and an extensive
cytoskeleton. May be unicellular or multicellular
DNA (Unit 1) - Correct Answers -a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the
cell and is capable of self-replication. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines
individual hereditary characteristics
Ribosome - Correct Answers -a complex of RNA and protein that catalyzes the
formation of proteins using messenger RNA as a template (translation)
Protein - Correct Answers -a linear chain of amino acids folded into a 3-D structure,
facilitating biological function
The Genetic Code - Correct Answers -set of rules by which information encoded in
genetic material is translated into proteins
Evolution - Correct Answers -(1) the theory that all organisms on Earth are related by
common ancestry and that they have changed over time, predominantly via natural
selection. (2) any change in the genetic characteristics of a population over time
, Population - Correct Answers -a group of individuals of the same species living in the
same geographic area at the same time
Natural selection - Correct Answers -the process by which individuals with certain
heritable traits tend to produce more surviving offspring that do individuals without those
traits, often leading to a change in the genetic makeup of the population. A major
mechanism of evolution
Fitness - Correct Answers -the ability of an individual to survive and produce viable
offspring in a given environment relative to others of the same species
Adaptation - Correct Answers -a heritable trait that increases the fitness of its bearer in
a given environment
Tree of Life - Correct Answers -a diagram depicting the genealogical relationships of all
living organisms on earth, with a single ancestral species at the base
Domian - Correct Answers -a taxonomic category, based on similarities in basic cellular
biochemistry, above the kingdom level. Three recognized domains are Bacteria,
Archaea, and Eukarya
Archaea - Correct Answers -1 of the 3 taxonomic domains of life consisting of unicellular
prokaryotes more closely related to Eukarya than Bacteria based. Predominantly
unicellular, with many living in extreme environments
Bacteria - Correct Answers -1 of the 3 taxonomic domains of life consisting of
prokaryotic organisms characterized by lack of a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
Predominantly unicellular
Eukarya - Correct Answers -1 of the 3 taxonomic domains of life comprised of
eukaryotes (organisms whose cells contain a nucleus). Includes unicellular and
multicellular
Nucleus - Correct Answers -in eukaryotic cells, the large organelle containing the
chromosomes and surrounded by a double membrane
DNA replication occurs in the ______ of eukaryotes. RNA synthesis occurs in the
______ of eukaryotes.
a. nucleus, nucleus
b. ribosomes, nucleus
c. nucleus, ribosomes
d. ribosomes, ribosomes
e. none of the above answers is correct - Correct Answers -a. nucleus, nucleus
Cell A has 5 picograms of DNA. Cell B has 10 picograms of DNA. Both cells are from
the same organism. Which of the following is the best description of the cell cycle stage
of each cell?
ANSWERS
Biology - Correct Answers -the study of life
Organism - Correct Answers -any living entity that contains one or more cells
Cell - Correct Answers -the most basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. A
membrane-bound structure capable of self-replicating
Plasma membrane - Correct Answers -a membrane that surrounds a cell, separating it
from the external environment and selectively regulating passage of molecules and ions
into and out of the cell. Aka cell membrane
Cell Theory - Correct Answers -the theory that all organisms are made of cells and that
all cells come from preexisting cells
Prokaryote - Correct Answers -a member of the domain Bacteria or Archaea; a
unicellular organism lacking a nucleus and organelles
Eukaryote - Correct Answers -a member of the domain Eukarya; an organism whose
cells contain a nucleus, numerous membrane-bound organelles, and an extensive
cytoskeleton. May be unicellular or multicellular
DNA (Unit 1) - Correct Answers -a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the
cell and is capable of self-replication. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines
individual hereditary characteristics
Ribosome - Correct Answers -a complex of RNA and protein that catalyzes the
formation of proteins using messenger RNA as a template (translation)
Protein - Correct Answers -a linear chain of amino acids folded into a 3-D structure,
facilitating biological function
The Genetic Code - Correct Answers -set of rules by which information encoded in
genetic material is translated into proteins
Evolution - Correct Answers -(1) the theory that all organisms on Earth are related by
common ancestry and that they have changed over time, predominantly via natural
selection. (2) any change in the genetic characteristics of a population over time
, Population - Correct Answers -a group of individuals of the same species living in the
same geographic area at the same time
Natural selection - Correct Answers -the process by which individuals with certain
heritable traits tend to produce more surviving offspring that do individuals without those
traits, often leading to a change in the genetic makeup of the population. A major
mechanism of evolution
Fitness - Correct Answers -the ability of an individual to survive and produce viable
offspring in a given environment relative to others of the same species
Adaptation - Correct Answers -a heritable trait that increases the fitness of its bearer in
a given environment
Tree of Life - Correct Answers -a diagram depicting the genealogical relationships of all
living organisms on earth, with a single ancestral species at the base
Domian - Correct Answers -a taxonomic category, based on similarities in basic cellular
biochemistry, above the kingdom level. Three recognized domains are Bacteria,
Archaea, and Eukarya
Archaea - Correct Answers -1 of the 3 taxonomic domains of life consisting of unicellular
prokaryotes more closely related to Eukarya than Bacteria based. Predominantly
unicellular, with many living in extreme environments
Bacteria - Correct Answers -1 of the 3 taxonomic domains of life consisting of
prokaryotic organisms characterized by lack of a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
Predominantly unicellular
Eukarya - Correct Answers -1 of the 3 taxonomic domains of life comprised of
eukaryotes (organisms whose cells contain a nucleus). Includes unicellular and
multicellular
Nucleus - Correct Answers -in eukaryotic cells, the large organelle containing the
chromosomes and surrounded by a double membrane
DNA replication occurs in the ______ of eukaryotes. RNA synthesis occurs in the
______ of eukaryotes.
a. nucleus, nucleus
b. ribosomes, nucleus
c. nucleus, ribosomes
d. ribosomes, ribosomes
e. none of the above answers is correct - Correct Answers -a. nucleus, nucleus
Cell A has 5 picograms of DNA. Cell B has 10 picograms of DNA. Both cells are from
the same organism. Which of the following is the best description of the cell cycle stage
of each cell?
