TEST BANK FOR Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th Edition by Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann, Pamela Scheibel ISBN: 978-0323554961 COMPLETE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

TESTBANK
ADVANCEDHEALTH ASSESSMENT& CLINICALDIAGNOSIS IN
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PRIMARY CARE, 6TH EDITION
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Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann & Pamela Scheibel
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Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th E
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dition Dains px




Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
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Multiple Choice px



Identify the choice that best completes the statement oranswers the question.
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1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic px px


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal langu
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ag
e
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
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3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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A. Chief complaint px


B. History of the present illness
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C. Current vital signs px px


D. All of the above are essential history compon
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ent
s
4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings px px px px px


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and sympto
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ms px


C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings px px




5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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A. Evidence-based investigations ym


B. Primary reports of research px px px


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experien px px px px px


ce
D. Published meta-analyses px




6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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A. Algorithm published in a peer- ym px px ym


reviewed journal article ym px


B. Clinical practice guidelines px px


C. Evidence-based research ym


D. All of the above p x px px




7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal
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res x

ult
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal
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res p x

ult
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above px px px




8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal res
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ult
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal r
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es ult px




9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the dis
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eas
e
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the dise
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ase
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and
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/or patients?
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A. Clinical practice guidelin px p x


e
B. Clinical decision rule px p x


C. Clinical algorithm px




Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE p x




1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision- making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common error
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s. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language, a
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nd able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s stat
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ements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health history.
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PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnor
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mal find ings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how cert
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ain cond itions affect the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findin
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gs.

PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
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analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for application to the reasoning
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process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the a
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vailability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectatio
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n that cl inical reasoning be based on scientific evidence.
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Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developed to assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines
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, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or p o
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sitive, result. A high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given condition will have
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an abno rmal result.
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PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result.
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The grea ter the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results
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if they do not ha ve the target condition.
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PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the tar
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get conditi on and a negative result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indic
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ates that a positive res ult is associated with the disease; a likelihood ratio less than 1 indicates that a negative
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result is associated with an absen ce of the disease.
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