1
NUR 114 Exams 1-5 & Final Study Guide Jefferson
State Nursing Actual Exam 2026/2027 – Complete
Exam-Style Questions with Detailed Rationales | Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
[EXAM 1: Foundations of Nursing & Nursing Process — Questions 1-25]
Q1: Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and established the first nursing
philosophy based on environmental factors?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Mary Mahoney
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing because she
established sanitation standards and emphasized environmental cleanliness, fresh air, and light to
promote healing. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross, and Dorothea Dix advocated
for the mentally ill. Mary Mahoney was the first African American professional nurse.
Q2: Which nursing theorist developed the "Self-Care Deficit" theory, stating that nursing is
needed when a patient cannot perform self-care activities?
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Callista Roy
D. Jean Watson
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dorothea Orem's theory focuses on the patient's ability to perform self-care; when
they cannot meet these needs due to limitations, nursing intervention is required. Henderson
,2
defined the 14 basic needs of humans, Roy focused on adaptation, and Watson focused on the
philosophy of caring.
Q3: The nurse is planning care for a patient. In which step of the Nursing Process (ADPIE) does
the nurse establish patient-centered goals and expected outcomes?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Planning phase involves setting priorities, establishing goals, and selecting
interventions to achieve desired outcomes. Assessment (A) is data collection, and Diagnosis (B)
is identifying the problem. Implementation (D) is putting the plan into action.
Q4: A nurse documents the following note: "Patient stated, 'I have a sharp pain in my right
shoulder when I take a deep breath.' Pain rated 7/10." Which type of documentation format is
this?
A. SOAP
B. PIE
C. DAR
D. Narrative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This note follows the SOAP format: Subjective (what the patient said), Objective
(what is observed/assessed), Assessment (nursing judgment), and Planning (interventions). Here,
the statement is "Subjective," and the pain rating is "Objective."
Q5: Which ethical principle describes the nurse's obligation to keep promises made to the
patient?
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A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Fidelity
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fidelity refers to faithfulness, loyalty, and keeping promises, such as returning when
said or maintaining confidentiality. Autonomy (A) is self-determination, Beneficence (B) is
doing good, and Nonmaleficence (D) is doing no harm.
Q6: When prioritizing patient care using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need should the
nurse address first?
A. Self-esteem
B. Physiological needs (air, food, water)
C. Love and belonging
D. Safety and security
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Maslow, physiological needs (oxygen, food, water, elimination) are the
foundation of the hierarchy and must be met before higher-level needs like safety, love, or self-
esteem can be addressed.
Q7: A patient refuses to take a prescribed medication. The nurse educates the patient on the risks
but respects the patient's decision. This is an example of which ethical principle?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Paternalism
D. Veracity
, 4
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy is the right of individuals to make their own decisions about their care,
even if the nurse disagrees, as long as the patient is competent. Paternalism (C) is the nurse
acting as a "parent" and deciding for the patient.
Q8: Which of the following represents the correct order of the Nursing Process?
A. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C. Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
D. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nursing Process begins with Assessment (data collection), followed by Diagnosis
(identifying problems), Planning (goals/interventions), Implementation (doing), and Evaluation
(determining if goals were met).
Q9: A nurse observes a colleague making a medication error that does not harm the patient. The
nurse does not report it. This is an example of:
A. Malpractice
B. Negligence
C. Misfeasance
D. Nonfeasance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nonfeasance is the failure to act when there is a duty to act (reporting errors).
Malpractice (A) and Negligence (B) involve acting improperly or failing to act causing harm.
Reporting errors is a professional and ethical duty to prevent future harm.
Q10: Which advanced directive allows a competent adult to appoint another person to make
healthcare decisions if they become incapacitated?
NUR 114 Exams 1-5 & Final Study Guide Jefferson
State Nursing Actual Exam 2026/2027 – Complete
Exam-Style Questions with Detailed Rationales | Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
[EXAM 1: Foundations of Nursing & Nursing Process — Questions 1-25]
Q1: Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and established the first nursing
philosophy based on environmental factors?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Mary Mahoney
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing because she
established sanitation standards and emphasized environmental cleanliness, fresh air, and light to
promote healing. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross, and Dorothea Dix advocated
for the mentally ill. Mary Mahoney was the first African American professional nurse.
Q2: Which nursing theorist developed the "Self-Care Deficit" theory, stating that nursing is
needed when a patient cannot perform self-care activities?
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Callista Roy
D. Jean Watson
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dorothea Orem's theory focuses on the patient's ability to perform self-care; when
they cannot meet these needs due to limitations, nursing intervention is required. Henderson
,2
defined the 14 basic needs of humans, Roy focused on adaptation, and Watson focused on the
philosophy of caring.
Q3: The nurse is planning care for a patient. In which step of the Nursing Process (ADPIE) does
the nurse establish patient-centered goals and expected outcomes?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Planning phase involves setting priorities, establishing goals, and selecting
interventions to achieve desired outcomes. Assessment (A) is data collection, and Diagnosis (B)
is identifying the problem. Implementation (D) is putting the plan into action.
Q4: A nurse documents the following note: "Patient stated, 'I have a sharp pain in my right
shoulder when I take a deep breath.' Pain rated 7/10." Which type of documentation format is
this?
A. SOAP
B. PIE
C. DAR
D. Narrative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This note follows the SOAP format: Subjective (what the patient said), Objective
(what is observed/assessed), Assessment (nursing judgment), and Planning (interventions). Here,
the statement is "Subjective," and the pain rating is "Objective."
Q5: Which ethical principle describes the nurse's obligation to keep promises made to the
patient?
,3
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Fidelity
D. Nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fidelity refers to faithfulness, loyalty, and keeping promises, such as returning when
said or maintaining confidentiality. Autonomy (A) is self-determination, Beneficence (B) is
doing good, and Nonmaleficence (D) is doing no harm.
Q6: When prioritizing patient care using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need should the
nurse address first?
A. Self-esteem
B. Physiological needs (air, food, water)
C. Love and belonging
D. Safety and security
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Maslow, physiological needs (oxygen, food, water, elimination) are the
foundation of the hierarchy and must be met before higher-level needs like safety, love, or self-
esteem can be addressed.
Q7: A patient refuses to take a prescribed medication. The nurse educates the patient on the risks
but respects the patient's decision. This is an example of which ethical principle?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Paternalism
D. Veracity
, 4
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy is the right of individuals to make their own decisions about their care,
even if the nurse disagrees, as long as the patient is competent. Paternalism (C) is the nurse
acting as a "parent" and deciding for the patient.
Q8: Which of the following represents the correct order of the Nursing Process?
A. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C. Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
D. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nursing Process begins with Assessment (data collection), followed by Diagnosis
(identifying problems), Planning (goals/interventions), Implementation (doing), and Evaluation
(determining if goals were met).
Q9: A nurse observes a colleague making a medication error that does not harm the patient. The
nurse does not report it. This is an example of:
A. Malpractice
B. Negligence
C. Misfeasance
D. Nonfeasance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nonfeasance is the failure to act when there is a duty to act (reporting errors).
Malpractice (A) and Negligence (B) involve acting improperly or failing to act causing harm.
Reporting errors is a professional and ethical duty to prevent future harm.
Q10: Which advanced directive allows a competent adult to appoint another person to make
healthcare decisions if they become incapacitated?
