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On a piece of scratch paper, write out the Lewis Dot Diagram for each of the indicated elements and
determine the following for each:
a) The number of Lone Pairs the atom possesses in its valence shell.b) The number of Unpaired
Electrons the atom possesses in its valence shell.c) The number of bonds the atom will form.
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen - (Answer)Oxygen - a) 2 b) 2 c) 2
Carbon - a) 0 b) 4 c) 4
Hydrogen- a) 0 b) 1 c) 1
Nitrogen - a) 1 b) 3 c) 3
Classify the bonding between the given pairs of atoms as ionic, covalent, or polar covalent. Use the
table of electronegativities shown below to help with the classification.
, a. Br and Br
b. K and Cl
c. P and Cl
d. C and O
e. Na and Br - (Answer)a. Br-Br: Electronegativity difference () = 0 = COVALENT (or pure
covalent)
b. K-Cl: () = 2.2 = IONIC
c. P-Cl: ()= 0.9 = POLAR COVALENT
d. C-O: ()= 1.0 = POLAR COVALENT
e. Na-Br: () = 1.8 = POLAR COVALENT
Define the term constitutional isomer. - (Answer)Two (or more) different chemical compounds with
the same molecular formula but different connectivity between the atoms in their structural formulae.
Explain (using specific evidence) what makes the following two compounds constitutional isomers
of one another: - (Answer)Both compounds have a MF of C3H6O - same MF.
Compound "a" has a 3-carbon chain with a C=O in the middle. No H atom connected to C of C=O.