1 list prefixes for first 10 carbons in order meth, eth, prop, but, pent,
. hex, hept, oct, non, dec
2. hydrocarbon compounds composed of
only carbon and hydrogen
3. parent chain longest continuous chain
of carbon atoms
4. substituent heteroatom or group of
atoms that are attached to
the parent chain
5. numerical prefixes for # of identical di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa,
substituent groups (2-10 in order) hepta, octa, nona, deca
6. alkane (with formula) hydrocarbon containing
only single bonds between
carbons, CnH2n+2
7. rules for naming alkanes 1. longest continues
chain is parent chain
2. number parent chain
starting with the end
closest to the first branch
3. name using IUPAC
rules for substituents
locant-
8. IUPAC systematic name order for alkanes (prefix)SubstituentParent
9. in numbering parent chains, if there are two select the chain with the
most branches equally long chains... coming off
, 10. in numbering parent chains, if the first choose the numbering that
gives the branch point if the same distance from either lower numbers
to the most substituents end of the parent chain...
11. in numbering parent chains, if there are only choose the numbering
direction so the 2 substituents and both are equidistant from
substituent with the higher alphabetical opposite ends of the parens
chain... priority gets the lower locant number
12. solubility and density properties of alkanes NOT soluble in water, low
density (<
1g/ml) so floats on top of
water
13. melting and boiling points properties of alka- LOW MPs and BPs due to
weak attractive nes forces between molecules
14. how does branching affect MPs and BPs branching lowers surface
area of the
molecule, which in turn
lowers VDWFs and thus
lowering BPs and MPs
15. conformers different shapes of molecules derived
from rotations of single
bonds
16. staggered conformation H atoms do not overlap in line of sight
(more stable)
17. eclipsed conformation heteroatoms overlap with one another
. hex, hept, oct, non, dec
2. hydrocarbon compounds composed of
only carbon and hydrogen
3. parent chain longest continuous chain
of carbon atoms
4. substituent heteroatom or group of
atoms that are attached to
the parent chain
5. numerical prefixes for # of identical di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa,
substituent groups (2-10 in order) hepta, octa, nona, deca
6. alkane (with formula) hydrocarbon containing
only single bonds between
carbons, CnH2n+2
7. rules for naming alkanes 1. longest continues
chain is parent chain
2. number parent chain
starting with the end
closest to the first branch
3. name using IUPAC
rules for substituents
locant-
8. IUPAC systematic name order for alkanes (prefix)SubstituentParent
9. in numbering parent chains, if there are two select the chain with the
most branches equally long chains... coming off
, 10. in numbering parent chains, if the first choose the numbering that
gives the branch point if the same distance from either lower numbers
to the most substituents end of the parent chain...
11. in numbering parent chains, if there are only choose the numbering
direction so the 2 substituents and both are equidistant from
substituent with the higher alphabetical opposite ends of the parens
chain... priority gets the lower locant number
12. solubility and density properties of alkanes NOT soluble in water, low
density (<
1g/ml) so floats on top of
water
13. melting and boiling points properties of alka- LOW MPs and BPs due to
weak attractive nes forces between molecules
14. how does branching affect MPs and BPs branching lowers surface
area of the
molecule, which in turn
lowers VDWFs and thus
lowering BPs and MPs
15. conformers different shapes of molecules derived
from rotations of single
bonds
16. staggered conformation H atoms do not overlap in line of sight
(more stable)
17. eclipsed conformation heteroatoms overlap with one another
