Describe the factors that should be considered in selection of an appropriate
antimicrobial chemical
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1. Toxicity
2. activity in organic materials
3. consider materials being treated (corrosive chemicals & no liquid w/
electrical material)
4. residue (may need rinsing)
5. cost
, 6. storage & stability
7. Environmental rise
Prion
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only protein-no nucleic acid ("mad cow disease)
Describe the use of Endospore Stain
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1. organisms with endospores are in genus Bacillus & Clostridium
2. Endospores are dormant structure resistant to heat & staining
3. Method
*primary dye (malachite green-heated onto bacteria to make endospores
accept stain)
*counter stain (safranin stains bacteria red)
Explain the function of a Bacterial capsule
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(aka cell envelope) only in SOME bacteria
Differentiate between complex and chemically defined media
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complex media:variety of nutrient sources to grow most bacteria &
microbes (not exact concentrations of nutrients)
chemically defined media: exact concentrations & specific sources of
nutrients
List the nitrogenous bases in RNA
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cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil
Transport Protein
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A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that has a hydrophilic
channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel.
Differentiate between antiseptic and disinfectants
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Antiseptic-DECREASE the numbers of bacteria on the skin
Disinfectants-removes MOST or ALL of microbes (stronger)
, Describe a typical Bacterial chromosome
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(super coiled/usually circular chromosomes)
*double stranded DNA
Discuss the effect of water availability on microbial growth
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1. all microorganisms need water for growth
2. in a hypertonic environment-water leaves the cell due to
osmosis/plasmolysis-water leaves the cytoplasm of the cell and the cell
shrinks
3. in a hypertonic environment-cells maintain internal water by increasing
the solids inside the cell (transport & synthesis inside the cell)
4. Halophiles
5. high salt concentration
Interpret a Gram Stain
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Gram positive Cells=Purple
Gram negative cells=Red
(*confusing results if bacterial culture is old/over decolorized)
antimicrobial chemical
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1. Toxicity
2. activity in organic materials
3. consider materials being treated (corrosive chemicals & no liquid w/
electrical material)
4. residue (may need rinsing)
5. cost
, 6. storage & stability
7. Environmental rise
Prion
Give this one a try later!
only protein-no nucleic acid ("mad cow disease)
Describe the use of Endospore Stain
Give this one a try later!
1. organisms with endospores are in genus Bacillus & Clostridium
2. Endospores are dormant structure resistant to heat & staining
3. Method
*primary dye (malachite green-heated onto bacteria to make endospores
accept stain)
*counter stain (safranin stains bacteria red)
Explain the function of a Bacterial capsule
Give this one a try later!
(aka cell envelope) only in SOME bacteria
Differentiate between complex and chemically defined media
,Give this one a try later!
complex media:variety of nutrient sources to grow most bacteria &
microbes (not exact concentrations of nutrients)
chemically defined media: exact concentrations & specific sources of
nutrients
List the nitrogenous bases in RNA
Give this one a try later!
cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil
Transport Protein
Give this one a try later!
A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that has a hydrophilic
channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel.
Differentiate between antiseptic and disinfectants
Give this one a try later!
Antiseptic-DECREASE the numbers of bacteria on the skin
Disinfectants-removes MOST or ALL of microbes (stronger)
, Describe a typical Bacterial chromosome
Give this one a try later!
(super coiled/usually circular chromosomes)
*double stranded DNA
Discuss the effect of water availability on microbial growth
Give this one a try later!
1. all microorganisms need water for growth
2. in a hypertonic environment-water leaves the cell due to
osmosis/plasmolysis-water leaves the cytoplasm of the cell and the cell
shrinks
3. in a hypertonic environment-cells maintain internal water by increasing
the solids inside the cell (transport & synthesis inside the cell)
4. Halophiles
5. high salt concentration
Interpret a Gram Stain
Give this one a try later!
Gram positive Cells=Purple
Gram negative cells=Red
(*confusing results if bacterial culture is old/over decolorized)
