NURS 5433 MIDTERM FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS ANSWERS COMPLETE
SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD SUCCESS
STRATEGY
●● How can you differentiate between hordeolum and chalazion?
Answer: Hordeolum (stye) is an acute, painful, red, swollen nodule at
the eyelid margin due to infection, while chalazion is a chronic,
nonpainful, firm nodule from a blocked meibomian gland.
●● What are the symptoms and treatment options for conjunctivitis?
Answer: Bacterial conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent discharge
and is treated with antibiotic drops. Viral conjunctivitis has watery
discharge and is treated with supportive care. Allergic conjunctivitis
involves watery, itchy discharge and is treated with antihistamine eye
drops.
●● What is the diagnostic method for corneal abrasion?
Answer: Corneal abrasion is diagnosed using fluorescein staining.
●● What is the treatment for periorbital edema?
Answer: Treatment for periorbital edema depends on the cause and may
include antihistamines or antibiotics if cellulitis is suspected.
,●● What are the differences between pterygium and pingueculum?
Answer: Pterygium is a triangular, fleshy mass on the inner eye
extending onto the cornea, while pingueculum is a yellowish-white
conjunctival growth that does not cross the cornea.
●● What are the causes and treatments for dry eye?
Answer: Dry eye can be caused by aging, autoimmune diseases (like
Sjogren's), and medication side effects. Treatments include artificial
tears and cyclosporine eye drops.
●● What is hyphema and its treatment?
Answer: Hyphema is a medical emergency characterized by blood
pooling in the anterior chamber of the eye, requiring urgent referral to
ER or ophthalmology.
●● What is glaucoma and its types?
Answer: Glaucoma is characterized by increased eye pressure. Types
include open-angle (chronic, painless) and angle-closure (acute, painful,
emergency).
●● What are the symptoms and treatment for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Diabetic retinopathy requires yearly dilated eye exams and is
treated with laser therapy, blood sugar control, and management of
diabetes.
,●● What are the two types of macular degeneration?
Answer: The two types of macular degeneration are dry (with drusen
deposits) and wet (with neovascularization), with wet being more severe.
●● What is strabismus and its types?
Answer: Strabismus is the misalignment of eyes, with estropia (inward)
and extropia (outward) leading to double vision or amblyopia.
●● What is conductive hearing loss and its common causes?
Answer: Conductive hearing loss can be caused by cerumen impaction
or otitis media.
●● What is the treatment for cerumen impaction?
Answer: Treatment includes cerumenolytics to soften the wax, followed
by ear irrigation or manual removal.
●● What are the first-line treatments for otitis media?
Answer: First-line treatment for otitis media is amoxicillin; second-line
is Augmentin; third-line options include azithromycin or other
antibiotics if there is a penicillin allergy.
●● What is otitis externa and its causative organisms?
, Answer: Otitis externa, or swimmer's ear, is caused by organisms such
as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli.
●● What is the treatment for otitis externa?
Answer: Treatment includes ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone drops.
●● What is the significance of the Quantiferon gold blood test?
Answer: The Quantiferon gold blood test is the gold standard for
diagnosing tuberculosis (TB).
●● What is the risk categorization for TB testing?
Answer: Risk categories for TB testing include low, moderate, and high
risk, with specific induration measurements for HIV+ individuals and
healthy adults.
●● What is the follow-up recommendation for severe blepharitis?
Answer: Referral to ophthalmology is recommended for severe or
refractory cases of blepharitis.
●● What is the treatment for chalazion if it persists?
Answer: Persistent chalazion may require steroid injection or surgical
removal.
●● What are the symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma?
QUESTIONS ANSWERS COMPLETE
SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD SUCCESS
STRATEGY
●● How can you differentiate between hordeolum and chalazion?
Answer: Hordeolum (stye) is an acute, painful, red, swollen nodule at
the eyelid margin due to infection, while chalazion is a chronic,
nonpainful, firm nodule from a blocked meibomian gland.
●● What are the symptoms and treatment options for conjunctivitis?
Answer: Bacterial conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent discharge
and is treated with antibiotic drops. Viral conjunctivitis has watery
discharge and is treated with supportive care. Allergic conjunctivitis
involves watery, itchy discharge and is treated with antihistamine eye
drops.
●● What is the diagnostic method for corneal abrasion?
Answer: Corneal abrasion is diagnosed using fluorescein staining.
●● What is the treatment for periorbital edema?
Answer: Treatment for periorbital edema depends on the cause and may
include antihistamines or antibiotics if cellulitis is suspected.
,●● What are the differences between pterygium and pingueculum?
Answer: Pterygium is a triangular, fleshy mass on the inner eye
extending onto the cornea, while pingueculum is a yellowish-white
conjunctival growth that does not cross the cornea.
●● What are the causes and treatments for dry eye?
Answer: Dry eye can be caused by aging, autoimmune diseases (like
Sjogren's), and medication side effects. Treatments include artificial
tears and cyclosporine eye drops.
●● What is hyphema and its treatment?
Answer: Hyphema is a medical emergency characterized by blood
pooling in the anterior chamber of the eye, requiring urgent referral to
ER or ophthalmology.
●● What is glaucoma and its types?
Answer: Glaucoma is characterized by increased eye pressure. Types
include open-angle (chronic, painless) and angle-closure (acute, painful,
emergency).
●● What are the symptoms and treatment for diabetic retinopathy?
Answer: Diabetic retinopathy requires yearly dilated eye exams and is
treated with laser therapy, blood sugar control, and management of
diabetes.
,●● What are the two types of macular degeneration?
Answer: The two types of macular degeneration are dry (with drusen
deposits) and wet (with neovascularization), with wet being more severe.
●● What is strabismus and its types?
Answer: Strabismus is the misalignment of eyes, with estropia (inward)
and extropia (outward) leading to double vision or amblyopia.
●● What is conductive hearing loss and its common causes?
Answer: Conductive hearing loss can be caused by cerumen impaction
or otitis media.
●● What is the treatment for cerumen impaction?
Answer: Treatment includes cerumenolytics to soften the wax, followed
by ear irrigation or manual removal.
●● What are the first-line treatments for otitis media?
Answer: First-line treatment for otitis media is amoxicillin; second-line
is Augmentin; third-line options include azithromycin or other
antibiotics if there is a penicillin allergy.
●● What is otitis externa and its causative organisms?
, Answer: Otitis externa, or swimmer's ear, is caused by organisms such
as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli.
●● What is the treatment for otitis externa?
Answer: Treatment includes ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone drops.
●● What is the significance of the Quantiferon gold blood test?
Answer: The Quantiferon gold blood test is the gold standard for
diagnosing tuberculosis (TB).
●● What is the risk categorization for TB testing?
Answer: Risk categories for TB testing include low, moderate, and high
risk, with specific induration measurements for HIV+ individuals and
healthy adults.
●● What is the follow-up recommendation for severe blepharitis?
Answer: Referral to ophthalmology is recommended for severe or
refractory cases of blepharitis.
●● What is the treatment for chalazion if it persists?
Answer: Persistent chalazion may require steroid injection or surgical
removal.
●● What are the symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma?
