LEHNES PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSES PHYSICIAN
ASSISTANTS THIRD EDITION FINAL PAPER
CHAPTERS ONE TO LAST 2026 QUESTIONS
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥A nurse is caring for a patient infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Which finding would most concern the
nurse?
a. High level of macrophages
b. Low neutrophil count
c. Low red blood cell (RBC) count
d. Very low helper T lymphocyte count.
Answer: ANS: D
The nurse understands that this patient may be vulnerable to
opportunistic infections, especially if
there were an indication of the HIV conversion to acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
A very low helper T lymphocyte count would most concern the nurse,
because the helper T cells are essential to the immune system, and
people with AIDS have a low or deficient count. A high level of
macrophages could indicate an inflammatory response. A low RBC
count may indicate anemia. A low neutrophil count can be caused by
multiple conditions, but a high count most likely indicates an infection.
,DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 572TOP: Nursing Process:
Evaluation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity:
Physiologic Adaptation
⩥A nurse is teaching a nursing student about a specific acquired
immunity system. Which statement by the student indicates a need for
further teaching?
a. "Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity are both types of
specific acquired
immune responses."
b. "Each exposure to an antigen causes a faster, more intense response."
c. "Immune responses occur only after exposure to a foreign substance."
d. "The skin is a factor in specific acquired immunity.".
Answer: ANS: D
The skin is a physical barrier that confers natural immunity. It is not a
factor in specific acquired immunity. Cell-mediated and humoral
immunity are both types of specific acquired immunity. In specific
acquired immunity, each exposure to an antigen evokes a more intense
response more
quickly. Specific acquired immunity occurs only after initial exposure to
an antigen. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 571TOP: Nursing
Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client
Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
,⩥A patient has a Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type
hypersensitivity) response to an infection. The nurse understands which
two types of cells are necessary for this response?
a. Antigen-presenting cells and mast cells
b. Cytolytic T lymphocytes and target cells
c. Immunoglobulin cells and dendritic cells
d. Infected macrophages and CD4 helper T cells.
Answer: ANS: D
The object of Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) is
to rid the body of bacteria that replicate within macrophages. The
macrophage activates the CD4 cell, which in turn activates the
macrophage. The other cells listed are not a part of this response. DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Application REF: p. 578TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC:
NCLEX Client Needs Category:
Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
⩥A nurse is reviewing the immune system with a group of nursing
students. One student asks about the difference between cell-mediated
immunity and humoral immunity. What should the nurse reply?
a. "Humoral immunity does not involve helper T cells in the immune
response."
b. "Humoral immunity does not have a role in hypersensitivity
reactions."
, c. "Humoral immunity requires cytolytic T cells that attack antigens
directly."
d. "Humoral immunity uses cells produced by B lymphocytes in the
immune response.".
Answer: ANS: D
Humoral immunity refers to immunity mediated by antibodies, which
are produced by B lymphocytes. Helper T cells have an essential role in
antibody production by B cells. The antibody immunoglobulin E plays a
role in hypersensitivity reactions. Cytolytic T cells do not produce
antibodies; they are key players in cellular immunity. DIF: Cognitive
Level: Analysis REF: p. 571TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC:
NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic
Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
⩥A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone organ
transplantation. Because the sequence
of amino acids in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
molecules of the donor is
different from that of the patient, the nurse will expect to administer
which class of drugs?
a. Antibiotics
b. Antihistamines
c. Immune globulins
d. Immunosuppressants.
Answer: ANS: D
ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSES PHYSICIAN
ASSISTANTS THIRD EDITION FINAL PAPER
CHAPTERS ONE TO LAST 2026 QUESTIONS
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥A nurse is caring for a patient infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Which finding would most concern the
nurse?
a. High level of macrophages
b. Low neutrophil count
c. Low red blood cell (RBC) count
d. Very low helper T lymphocyte count.
Answer: ANS: D
The nurse understands that this patient may be vulnerable to
opportunistic infections, especially if
there were an indication of the HIV conversion to acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
A very low helper T lymphocyte count would most concern the nurse,
because the helper T cells are essential to the immune system, and
people with AIDS have a low or deficient count. A high level of
macrophages could indicate an inflammatory response. A low RBC
count may indicate anemia. A low neutrophil count can be caused by
multiple conditions, but a high count most likely indicates an infection.
,DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 572TOP: Nursing Process:
Evaluation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity:
Physiologic Adaptation
⩥A nurse is teaching a nursing student about a specific acquired
immunity system. Which statement by the student indicates a need for
further teaching?
a. "Cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity are both types of
specific acquired
immune responses."
b. "Each exposure to an antigen causes a faster, more intense response."
c. "Immune responses occur only after exposure to a foreign substance."
d. "The skin is a factor in specific acquired immunity.".
Answer: ANS: D
The skin is a physical barrier that confers natural immunity. It is not a
factor in specific acquired immunity. Cell-mediated and humoral
immunity are both types of specific acquired immunity. In specific
acquired immunity, each exposure to an antigen evokes a more intense
response more
quickly. Specific acquired immunity occurs only after initial exposure to
an antigen. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 571TOP: Nursing
Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client
Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
,⩥A patient has a Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type
hypersensitivity) response to an infection. The nurse understands which
two types of cells are necessary for this response?
a. Antigen-presenting cells and mast cells
b. Cytolytic T lymphocytes and target cells
c. Immunoglobulin cells and dendritic cells
d. Infected macrophages and CD4 helper T cells.
Answer: ANS: D
The object of Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) is
to rid the body of bacteria that replicate within macrophages. The
macrophage activates the CD4 cell, which in turn activates the
macrophage. The other cells listed are not a part of this response. DIF:
Cognitive Level:
Application REF: p. 578TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC:
NCLEX Client Needs Category:
Physiologic Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
⩥A nurse is reviewing the immune system with a group of nursing
students. One student asks about the difference between cell-mediated
immunity and humoral immunity. What should the nurse reply?
a. "Humoral immunity does not involve helper T cells in the immune
response."
b. "Humoral immunity does not have a role in hypersensitivity
reactions."
, c. "Humoral immunity requires cytolytic T cells that attack antigens
directly."
d. "Humoral immunity uses cells produced by B lymphocytes in the
immune response.".
Answer: ANS: D
Humoral immunity refers to immunity mediated by antibodies, which
are produced by B lymphocytes. Helper T cells have an essential role in
antibody production by B cells. The antibody immunoglobulin E plays a
role in hypersensitivity reactions. Cytolytic T cells do not produce
antibodies; they are key players in cellular immunity. DIF: Cognitive
Level: Analysis REF: p. 571TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC:
NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic
Integrity: Physiologic Adaptation
⩥A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone organ
transplantation. Because the sequence
of amino acids in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
molecules of the donor is
different from that of the patient, the nurse will expect to administer
which class of drugs?
a. Antibiotics
b. Antihistamines
c. Immune globulins
d. Immunosuppressants.
Answer: ANS: D
