NURS 110: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - 2026/2027 Comprehensive
Exam 2026 |WCU
1. Which component of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) involves the clinician’s
use of past experiences and clinical skills to identify each patient’s unique
health state and risks?
A. External clinical evidence
B. Systematic review data
C. Patient preferences
D. Clinical expertise
Answer: D
Rationale: Clinical expertise is one of the three core pillars of EBP, allowing nurses to
contextualize research findings for individual patients.
2. In the PICOT format for framing clinical questions, what does the letter ‘C’
represent?
A. Clinical setting
B. Comparison of interest
C. Criteria for exclusion
D. Complications anticipated
Answer: B
Rationale: ‘C’ stands for the Comparison of interest, which is the alternative to the
intervention (I) being studied.
,3. Which of the following is considered Level I evidence according to the
hierarchy of evidence?
A. Case-control and cohort studies
B. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
C. Opinions of authorities or expert committees
D. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
Answer: D
Rationale: Level I evidence is the highest level, represented by meta-analyses or
systematic reviews of all relevant randomized controlled trials.
4. When searching for evidence, a nurse uses the Boolean operator ‘OR’. What is
the effect of this action?
A. The search is narrowed to include only articles with both terms.
B. The search is widened to include articles containing either term.
C. The search excludes articles that contain the second term.
D. The search results are limited to peer-reviewed sources only.
Answer: B
Rationale: The Boolean operator ‘OR’ expands a search by retrieving records that contain
any of the keywords linked by the operator.
5. A nurse identifies that a patient’s cultural beliefs prohibit a specific evidence-
based intervention. This represents which element of EBP?
A. Patient values and preferences
B. Healthcare informatics
C. Clinical judgment
D. Best research evidence
Answer: A
Rationale: Integrating patient values and preferences ensures that evidence-based care is
patient-centered and culturally competent.
, 6. What is the very first step in the Evidence-Based Practice process (Step 0)?
A. Asking the clinical question
B. Cultivating a spirit of inquiry
C. Searching for evidence
D. Critically appraising evidence
Answer: B
Rationale: Step 0 is ‘Cultivate a spirit of inquiry,’ which involves an ongoing curiosity and
desire to improve care outcomes.
7. Which type of study design is characterized by the lack of a control group and
no randomization?
A. Quasi-experimental study
B. Case-control study
C. Double-blind RCT
D. Non-experimental (Descriptive) study
Answer: D
Rationale: Non-experimental or descriptive studies describe phenomena as they exist
without manipulating variables or using control groups.
8. In critical appraisal, ‘Validity’ refers to whether:
A. The study can be easily replicated.
B. The study truly measured what it intended to measure.
C. The results are statistically significant.
D. The findings can be generalized to the entire population.
Answer: B
Rationale: Validity assesses the accuracy of the study and whether the researchers
measured what they claimed to measure.
Exam 2026 |WCU
1. Which component of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) involves the clinician’s
use of past experiences and clinical skills to identify each patient’s unique
health state and risks?
A. External clinical evidence
B. Systematic review data
C. Patient preferences
D. Clinical expertise
Answer: D
Rationale: Clinical expertise is one of the three core pillars of EBP, allowing nurses to
contextualize research findings for individual patients.
2. In the PICOT format for framing clinical questions, what does the letter ‘C’
represent?
A. Clinical setting
B. Comparison of interest
C. Criteria for exclusion
D. Complications anticipated
Answer: B
Rationale: ‘C’ stands for the Comparison of interest, which is the alternative to the
intervention (I) being studied.
,3. Which of the following is considered Level I evidence according to the
hierarchy of evidence?
A. Case-control and cohort studies
B. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
C. Opinions of authorities or expert committees
D. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
Answer: D
Rationale: Level I evidence is the highest level, represented by meta-analyses or
systematic reviews of all relevant randomized controlled trials.
4. When searching for evidence, a nurse uses the Boolean operator ‘OR’. What is
the effect of this action?
A. The search is narrowed to include only articles with both terms.
B. The search is widened to include articles containing either term.
C. The search excludes articles that contain the second term.
D. The search results are limited to peer-reviewed sources only.
Answer: B
Rationale: The Boolean operator ‘OR’ expands a search by retrieving records that contain
any of the keywords linked by the operator.
5. A nurse identifies that a patient’s cultural beliefs prohibit a specific evidence-
based intervention. This represents which element of EBP?
A. Patient values and preferences
B. Healthcare informatics
C. Clinical judgment
D. Best research evidence
Answer: A
Rationale: Integrating patient values and preferences ensures that evidence-based care is
patient-centered and culturally competent.
, 6. What is the very first step in the Evidence-Based Practice process (Step 0)?
A. Asking the clinical question
B. Cultivating a spirit of inquiry
C. Searching for evidence
D. Critically appraising evidence
Answer: B
Rationale: Step 0 is ‘Cultivate a spirit of inquiry,’ which involves an ongoing curiosity and
desire to improve care outcomes.
7. Which type of study design is characterized by the lack of a control group and
no randomization?
A. Quasi-experimental study
B. Case-control study
C. Double-blind RCT
D. Non-experimental (Descriptive) study
Answer: D
Rationale: Non-experimental or descriptive studies describe phenomena as they exist
without manipulating variables or using control groups.
8. In critical appraisal, ‘Validity’ refers to whether:
A. The study can be easily replicated.
B. The study truly measured what it intended to measure.
C. The results are statistically significant.
D. The findings can be generalized to the entire population.
Answer: B
Rationale: Validity assesses the accuracy of the study and whether the researchers
measured what they claimed to measure.
