1
NUR 114 Exams 1-5 & Final Study Guide Jefferson
State Nursing Actual Exam 2026/2027 – Complete
Exam-Style Questions with Detailed Rationales | Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
[EXAM 1: Foundations of Nursing & Nursing Process — Questions 1-25]
Q1: Which historical figure is considered the founder of modern nursing and emphasized the
importance of environmental cleanliness in patient care?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Mary Mahoney
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing; she established the
first nursing school and emphasized the importance of a clean environment to promote healing,
particularly during the Crimean War. Clara Barton (A) founded the American Red Cross.
Dorothea Dix (B) was an advocate for the mentally ill. Mary Mahoney (D) was the first African
American professional nurse.
Q2: A nurse is caring for a patient who has limited mobility and cannot perform bathing
independently. Which of Orem's universal self-care requisites is most compromised?
A. Social interaction
B. Normalcy
C. Prevention of hazards to human life
D. Promotion of normalcy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory identifies universal self-care requisites, including the
prevention of hazards to human life and human functioning. If a patient cannot bathe, they are at
,2
risk for infection and skin breakdown (hazards). Social interaction (A) and normalcy (B, D) are
developmental requisites, not universal requisites directly tied to the immediate physical need for
hygiene.
Q3: During the assessment phase of the nursing process, the nurse collects both subjective and
objective data. Which of the following is an example of objective data?
A. The patient reports, "I feel nauseous."
B. The patient states, "I have a headache."
C. The patient's blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg.
D. The patient complains of chest pain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data is information that is directly measured or observed by the nurse
through physical examination, laboratory tests, or monitoring devices, such as blood pressure.
Options A, B, and D are subjective data because they are reported by the patient and cannot be
measured directly.
Q4: A nurse is using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to prioritize patient care. Which need should
the nurse address first?
A. The patient's need for social interaction with family.
B. The patient's need to understand their diagnosis.
C. The patient's difficulty breathing (airway).
D. The patient's concern about missing work.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy places physiological and safety needs at the base; physiological
needs like oxygenation, airway, breathing, and circulation are prioritized before psychosocial
needs like social interaction or learning. While understanding the diagnosis (B) and missing
work (D) are important, they are secondary to the immediate life-sustaining need for oxygen.
,3
Q5: When documenting patient care, the nurse uses the PIE format. What does the "P" stand for
in this documentation method?
A. Procedure
C. Problem
C. Plan
D. Patient
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In PIE documentation, P stands for Problem, I stands for Intervention, and E stands
for Evaluation. This method organizes notes around the patient's specific health problems.
Option A (Procedure) and D (Patient) are not components of the acronym. Option C (Plan) is part
of the nursing process (ADPIE) but not the PIE charting acronym.
Q6: The nurse is preparing to administer a medication. Which of the "Rights of Medication
Administration" involves checking the patient's identification band and asking them to state their
name and date of birth?
A. Right medication
C. Right patient
C. Right route
D. Right time
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Right Patient is the first right of medication administration and involves two
identifiers (e.g., name and date of birth) to ensure the medication is given to the correct
individual. Right medication (A), Right route (C), and Right time (D) are other critical rights but
do not pertain to identification.
Q7: A patient has a Living Will in their medical record. The nurse understands that this legal
document addresses which of the following?
C. The patient's preferences regarding life-sustaining treatments if they become terminally ill or
permanently unconscious.
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C. Who will make medical decisions if the patient is incapacitated.
C. Immediate consent for emergency surgery.
D. The patient's financial assets.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Living Will is a type of advance directive that specifies what medical treatments a
patient does or does not want at the end of life, such as mechanical ventilation or feeding tubes.
Option B describes a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. Option C is incorrect because a
living will does not provide immediate consent for all surgery. Option D refers to a financial will.
Q8: Which ethical principle describes the nurse's obligation to keep promises made to the
patient?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Fidelity
D. Justice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fidelity refers to the duty of faithfulness and loyalty, which includes keeping
promises, maintaining confidentiality, and respecting the nurse-patient relationship. Beneficence
(A) is doing good. Nonmaleficence (B) is doing no harm. Justice (D) is fairness.
Q9: A nurse is teaching a client about a new medication. Which step of the teaching-learning
process ensures the client has understood the information?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Evaluation
D. Implementation
NUR 114 Exams 1-5 & Final Study Guide Jefferson
State Nursing Actual Exam 2026/2027 – Complete
Exam-Style Questions with Detailed Rationales | Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
[EXAM 1: Foundations of Nursing & Nursing Process — Questions 1-25]
Q1: Which historical figure is considered the founder of modern nursing and emphasized the
importance of environmental cleanliness in patient care?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Mary Mahoney
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing; she established the
first nursing school and emphasized the importance of a clean environment to promote healing,
particularly during the Crimean War. Clara Barton (A) founded the American Red Cross.
Dorothea Dix (B) was an advocate for the mentally ill. Mary Mahoney (D) was the first African
American professional nurse.
Q2: A nurse is caring for a patient who has limited mobility and cannot perform bathing
independently. Which of Orem's universal self-care requisites is most compromised?
A. Social interaction
B. Normalcy
C. Prevention of hazards to human life
D. Promotion of normalcy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory identifies universal self-care requisites, including the
prevention of hazards to human life and human functioning. If a patient cannot bathe, they are at
,2
risk for infection and skin breakdown (hazards). Social interaction (A) and normalcy (B, D) are
developmental requisites, not universal requisites directly tied to the immediate physical need for
hygiene.
Q3: During the assessment phase of the nursing process, the nurse collects both subjective and
objective data. Which of the following is an example of objective data?
A. The patient reports, "I feel nauseous."
B. The patient states, "I have a headache."
C. The patient's blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg.
D. The patient complains of chest pain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data is information that is directly measured or observed by the nurse
through physical examination, laboratory tests, or monitoring devices, such as blood pressure.
Options A, B, and D are subjective data because they are reported by the patient and cannot be
measured directly.
Q4: A nurse is using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to prioritize patient care. Which need should
the nurse address first?
A. The patient's need for social interaction with family.
B. The patient's need to understand their diagnosis.
C. The patient's difficulty breathing (airway).
D. The patient's concern about missing work.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy places physiological and safety needs at the base; physiological
needs like oxygenation, airway, breathing, and circulation are prioritized before psychosocial
needs like social interaction or learning. While understanding the diagnosis (B) and missing
work (D) are important, they are secondary to the immediate life-sustaining need for oxygen.
,3
Q5: When documenting patient care, the nurse uses the PIE format. What does the "P" stand for
in this documentation method?
A. Procedure
C. Problem
C. Plan
D. Patient
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In PIE documentation, P stands for Problem, I stands for Intervention, and E stands
for Evaluation. This method organizes notes around the patient's specific health problems.
Option A (Procedure) and D (Patient) are not components of the acronym. Option C (Plan) is part
of the nursing process (ADPIE) but not the PIE charting acronym.
Q6: The nurse is preparing to administer a medication. Which of the "Rights of Medication
Administration" involves checking the patient's identification band and asking them to state their
name and date of birth?
A. Right medication
C. Right patient
C. Right route
D. Right time
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Right Patient is the first right of medication administration and involves two
identifiers (e.g., name and date of birth) to ensure the medication is given to the correct
individual. Right medication (A), Right route (C), and Right time (D) are other critical rights but
do not pertain to identification.
Q7: A patient has a Living Will in their medical record. The nurse understands that this legal
document addresses which of the following?
C. The patient's preferences regarding life-sustaining treatments if they become terminally ill or
permanently unconscious.
, 4
C. Who will make medical decisions if the patient is incapacitated.
C. Immediate consent for emergency surgery.
D. The patient's financial assets.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Living Will is a type of advance directive that specifies what medical treatments a
patient does or does not want at the end of life, such as mechanical ventilation or feeding tubes.
Option B describes a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. Option C is incorrect because a
living will does not provide immediate consent for all surgery. Option D refers to a financial will.
Q8: Which ethical principle describes the nurse's obligation to keep promises made to the
patient?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Fidelity
D. Justice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fidelity refers to the duty of faithfulness and loyalty, which includes keeping
promises, maintaining confidentiality, and respecting the nurse-patient relationship. Beneficence
(A) is doing good. Nonmaleficence (B) is doing no harm. Justice (D) is fairness.
Q9: A nurse is teaching a client about a new medication. Which step of the teaching-learning
process ensures the client has understood the information?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Evaluation
D. Implementation
