NURS 110: Introduction to Professional Nursing Comprehensive Final
Exam 2026 |WCU
1. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit Theory’, which posits
that nursing is required when an adult is unable to perform self-care to maintain
life and health?
A. Martha Rogers
B. Imogene King
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Sister Callista Roy
Answer: C
Rationale: Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on the patient’s ability to
perform self-care and the nurse’s role in intervening when there is a deficit.
2. When a nurse ensures that a patient has been fully informed of the risks and
benefits of a surgery before signing a consent form, which ethical principle is
primarily being upheld?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Fidelity
D. Non-maleficence
Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions about
their medical care. Informed consent is a practical application of respecting a patient’s
autonomy.
,3. A nurse is sued for failure to monitor a patient’s respiratory status after
administering an opioid, leading to respiratory arrest. This legal action falls
under which category?
A. Malpractice
B. Libel
C. Battery
D. Assault
Answer: A
Rationale: Malpractice is professional negligence that occurs when a professional’s
conduct fails to meet the standard of care, resulting in harm to the patient.
4. In the ‘PICO’ format used for Evidence-Based Practice, what does the ‘I’
represent?
A. Intervention
B. Implementation
C. Institutional Protocol
D. Interpretation
Answer: A
Rationale: In PICO(T), P is Population, I is Intervention, C is Comparison, O is Outcome, and
T is Time. Intervention refers to the specific treatment or action being studied.
5. Which level of healthcare focuses on specialized technical care for
complicated or unusual health problems, often provided in regional centers?
A. Primary Care
B. Tertiary Care
C. Secondary Care
D. Preventative Care
Answer: B
, Rationale: Tertiary care is highly specialized and often involves advanced diagnostics and
treatments in specialized facilities or hospitals.
6. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse prioritize patient
problems and establish measurable goals?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Implementation
D. Planning
Answer: D
Rationale: The Planning phase involves setting priorities, identifying patient-centered
goals and expected outcomes, and selecting nursing interventions.
7. A nurse observes a colleague documenting a medication administration that
was never actually given. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Ignore it to maintain professional relationships
B. Call the Board of Nursing immediately
C. Confront the colleague in front of the patient
D. Report the observation to the Nurse Manager
Answer: D
Rationale: The first professional and ethical step is to report the incident through the
appropriate chain of command, starting with the immediate supervisor or manager.
Exam 2026 |WCU
1. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit Theory’, which posits
that nursing is required when an adult is unable to perform self-care to maintain
life and health?
A. Martha Rogers
B. Imogene King
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Sister Callista Roy
Answer: C
Rationale: Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on the patient’s ability to
perform self-care and the nurse’s role in intervening when there is a deficit.
2. When a nurse ensures that a patient has been fully informed of the risks and
benefits of a surgery before signing a consent form, which ethical principle is
primarily being upheld?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Fidelity
D. Non-maleficence
Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions about
their medical care. Informed consent is a practical application of respecting a patient’s
autonomy.
,3. A nurse is sued for failure to monitor a patient’s respiratory status after
administering an opioid, leading to respiratory arrest. This legal action falls
under which category?
A. Malpractice
B. Libel
C. Battery
D. Assault
Answer: A
Rationale: Malpractice is professional negligence that occurs when a professional’s
conduct fails to meet the standard of care, resulting in harm to the patient.
4. In the ‘PICO’ format used for Evidence-Based Practice, what does the ‘I’
represent?
A. Intervention
B. Implementation
C. Institutional Protocol
D. Interpretation
Answer: A
Rationale: In PICO(T), P is Population, I is Intervention, C is Comparison, O is Outcome, and
T is Time. Intervention refers to the specific treatment or action being studied.
5. Which level of healthcare focuses on specialized technical care for
complicated or unusual health problems, often provided in regional centers?
A. Primary Care
B. Tertiary Care
C. Secondary Care
D. Preventative Care
Answer: B
, Rationale: Tertiary care is highly specialized and often involves advanced diagnostics and
treatments in specialized facilities or hospitals.
6. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse prioritize patient
problems and establish measurable goals?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Implementation
D. Planning
Answer: D
Rationale: The Planning phase involves setting priorities, identifying patient-centered
goals and expected outcomes, and selecting nursing interventions.
7. A nurse observes a colleague documenting a medication administration that
was never actually given. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Ignore it to maintain professional relationships
B. Call the Board of Nursing immediately
C. Confront the colleague in front of the patient
D. Report the observation to the Nurse Manager
Answer: D
Rationale: The first professional and ethical step is to report the incident through the
appropriate chain of command, starting with the immediate supervisor or manager.
