NURS 110: Introduction to Professional Nursing - Exam 4 Study Guide
(2026/2027) WCU
1. According to Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency, a nurse who has been in
the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years and can anticipate nursing care and
establish long-range goals is at which level?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Expert
C. Proficient
D. Competent
Answer: D
Rationale: The Competent nurse has usually been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3
years and understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients,
enabling them to anticipate care and set long-term goals.
2. Which ethical principle is a nurse practicing when they ensure that a patient
has been fully informed about the risks and benefits of a surgery before signing
the consent form?
A. Justice
B. Fidelity
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Autonomy
Answer: D
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the commitment to include patients in decisions about all
aspects of care. Respecting a patient’s right to self-determination through informed consent
is a primary example.
,3. A nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing a spiritual crisis. Which
nursing action best demonstrates the ‘Preserving’ component of Leininger’s
Transcultural Nursing Theory?
A. Integrating specific cultural dietary preferences into the hospital meal plan.
B. Modifying the medical treatment plan to exclude practices the patient finds offensive.
C. Educating the patient on why their cultural beliefs may interfere with recovery.
D. Encouraging the patient to continue their traditional healing rituals alongside medical treatment.
Answer: D
Rationale: Cultural care preservation or maintenance means that the nurse supports the
patient in retaining and using their relevant cultural values and practices to maintain their
well-being.
4. In the nursing process, which activity is most characteristic of the ‘Evaluation’
phase?
A. Determining if the patient’s condition improved after the administration of pain medication.
B. Reviewing the patient’s medical history for risk factors.
C. Prioritizing nursing diagnoses based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
D. Establishing short-term and long-term goals for a patient with mobility issues.
Answer: A
Rationale: Evaluation involves determining the patient’s progress toward goals and the
effectiveness of nursing interventions. Monitoring the response to pain medication is a
direct evaluative step.
, 5. A nurse observes a colleague documenting a procedure that was not actually
performed. What is the nurse’s first responsibility according to the ANA Code of
Ethics?
A. Discuss the observation with the colleague privately.
B. Report the incident to the State Board of Nursing immediately.
C. Ignore the incident if no harm came to the patient.
D. Report the incident through the appropriate chain of command in the facility.
Answer: D
Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics mandates the protection of the patient and the integrity
of the profession; falsification of records is a legal and ethical violation that must be
reported to management.
6. Which of the following best describes the ‘P’ in a PICO question used in
Evidence-Based Practice?
A. Patient population of interest
B. Prescribed treatment
C. Priority of care
D. Professional standards
Answer: A
Rationale: PICO stands for Patient population of interest, Intervention of interest,
Comparison of interest, and Outcome. ‘P’ identifies the specific group or patient type being
studied.
(2026/2027) WCU
1. According to Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency, a nurse who has been in
the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years and can anticipate nursing care and
establish long-range goals is at which level?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Expert
C. Proficient
D. Competent
Answer: D
Rationale: The Competent nurse has usually been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3
years and understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients,
enabling them to anticipate care and set long-term goals.
2. Which ethical principle is a nurse practicing when they ensure that a patient
has been fully informed about the risks and benefits of a surgery before signing
the consent form?
A. Justice
B. Fidelity
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Autonomy
Answer: D
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the commitment to include patients in decisions about all
aspects of care. Respecting a patient’s right to self-determination through informed consent
is a primary example.
,3. A nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing a spiritual crisis. Which
nursing action best demonstrates the ‘Preserving’ component of Leininger’s
Transcultural Nursing Theory?
A. Integrating specific cultural dietary preferences into the hospital meal plan.
B. Modifying the medical treatment plan to exclude practices the patient finds offensive.
C. Educating the patient on why their cultural beliefs may interfere with recovery.
D. Encouraging the patient to continue their traditional healing rituals alongside medical treatment.
Answer: D
Rationale: Cultural care preservation or maintenance means that the nurse supports the
patient in retaining and using their relevant cultural values and practices to maintain their
well-being.
4. In the nursing process, which activity is most characteristic of the ‘Evaluation’
phase?
A. Determining if the patient’s condition improved after the administration of pain medication.
B. Reviewing the patient’s medical history for risk factors.
C. Prioritizing nursing diagnoses based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
D. Establishing short-term and long-term goals for a patient with mobility issues.
Answer: A
Rationale: Evaluation involves determining the patient’s progress toward goals and the
effectiveness of nursing interventions. Monitoring the response to pain medication is a
direct evaluative step.
, 5. A nurse observes a colleague documenting a procedure that was not actually
performed. What is the nurse’s first responsibility according to the ANA Code of
Ethics?
A. Discuss the observation with the colleague privately.
B. Report the incident to the State Board of Nursing immediately.
C. Ignore the incident if no harm came to the patient.
D. Report the incident through the appropriate chain of command in the facility.
Answer: D
Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics mandates the protection of the patient and the integrity
of the profession; falsification of records is a legal and ethical violation that must be
reported to management.
6. Which of the following best describes the ‘P’ in a PICO question used in
Evidence-Based Practice?
A. Patient population of interest
B. Prescribed treatment
C. Priority of care
D. Professional standards
Answer: A
Rationale: PICO stands for Patient population of interest, Intervention of interest,
Comparison of interest, and Outcome. ‘P’ identifies the specific group or patient type being
studied.
