NURS 110: Introduction to Professional Nursing Exam 2 2026 |WCU
1. A nurse is faced with a situation where a patient refuses a life-saving blood
transfusion due to religious beliefs. The nurse supports the patient’s decision
despite personal disagreement. Which ethical principle is being demonstrated?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions about
their medical care, even if those decisions conflict with the healthcare provider’s
recommendations.
2. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a violation of the ethical
principle of ‘Fidelity’?
A. A nurse forgets to return to a patient’s room at the promised time to provide pain medication.
B. A nurse discloses a patient’s diagnosis to a family member without consent.
C. A nurse allocates more time to a patient who is more critically ill than others.
D. A nurse performs a procedure for which they are not properly trained.
Answer: A
Rationale: Fidelity is the duty to be faithful to commitments and promises made to others.
Failing to follow through on a promise to a patient is a breach of fidelity.
,3. In the nursing process, which activity is the nurse performing when they
compare the patient’s current health status with the desired outcomes defined
in the planning phase?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Evaluation
D. Implementation
Answer: C
Rationale: Evaluation is the step of the nursing process where the nurse determines if the
goals and expected outcomes were met.
4. A nurse is providing education to a patient about a new medication. The
patient has a low literacy level. Which action by the nurse best demonstrates
cultural humility and effective communication?
A. Speaking loudly and slowly to ensure the patient hears every word.
B. Using the ‘teach-back’ method and visual aids to confirm understanding.
C. Using complex medical terminology to maintain professional standards.
D. Providing a detailed 10-page pamphlet for the patient to read at home.
Answer: B
Rationale: The teach-back method is a gold standard for confirming patient
understanding, especially for those with varying literacy levels, ensuring communication is
effective and patient-centered.
, 5. A nurse mistakenly administers the wrong dose of a medication, resulting in
the patient experiencing a seizure. The nurse could be sued for which of the
following?
A. Malpractice
B. Assault
C. Slander
D. False Imprisonment
Answer: A
Rationale: Malpractice is professional negligence that occurs when a professional’s
conduct fails to meet the standard of care, resulting in harm to the patient.
6. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit Theory’, which
focuses on the patient’s ability to perform self-care?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Jean Watson
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Sister Callista Roy
Answer: C
Rationale: Dorothea Orem’s theory focuses on the patient’s self-care needs and the role of
the nurse in assisting the patient when they are unable to meet those needs themselves.
7. During an assessment, the nurse notes that the patient is grimacing and
holding their abdomen. The nurse records ‘patient appears to be in pain’. What
type of data is this?
A. Historical data
B. Subjective data
C. Secondary data
D. Objective data
Answer: D
1. A nurse is faced with a situation where a patient refuses a life-saving blood
transfusion due to religious beliefs. The nurse supports the patient’s decision
despite personal disagreement. Which ethical principle is being demonstrated?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy refers to the right of patients to make their own decisions about
their medical care, even if those decisions conflict with the healthcare provider’s
recommendations.
2. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a violation of the ethical
principle of ‘Fidelity’?
A. A nurse forgets to return to a patient’s room at the promised time to provide pain medication.
B. A nurse discloses a patient’s diagnosis to a family member without consent.
C. A nurse allocates more time to a patient who is more critically ill than others.
D. A nurse performs a procedure for which they are not properly trained.
Answer: A
Rationale: Fidelity is the duty to be faithful to commitments and promises made to others.
Failing to follow through on a promise to a patient is a breach of fidelity.
,3. In the nursing process, which activity is the nurse performing when they
compare the patient’s current health status with the desired outcomes defined
in the planning phase?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Evaluation
D. Implementation
Answer: C
Rationale: Evaluation is the step of the nursing process where the nurse determines if the
goals and expected outcomes were met.
4. A nurse is providing education to a patient about a new medication. The
patient has a low literacy level. Which action by the nurse best demonstrates
cultural humility and effective communication?
A. Speaking loudly and slowly to ensure the patient hears every word.
B. Using the ‘teach-back’ method and visual aids to confirm understanding.
C. Using complex medical terminology to maintain professional standards.
D. Providing a detailed 10-page pamphlet for the patient to read at home.
Answer: B
Rationale: The teach-back method is a gold standard for confirming patient
understanding, especially for those with varying literacy levels, ensuring communication is
effective and patient-centered.
, 5. A nurse mistakenly administers the wrong dose of a medication, resulting in
the patient experiencing a seizure. The nurse could be sued for which of the
following?
A. Malpractice
B. Assault
C. Slander
D. False Imprisonment
Answer: A
Rationale: Malpractice is professional negligence that occurs when a professional’s
conduct fails to meet the standard of care, resulting in harm to the patient.
6. Which nursing theorist developed the ‘Self-Care Deficit Theory’, which
focuses on the patient’s ability to perform self-care?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Jean Watson
C. Dorothea Orem
D. Sister Callista Roy
Answer: C
Rationale: Dorothea Orem’s theory focuses on the patient’s self-care needs and the role of
the nurse in assisting the patient when they are unable to meet those needs themselves.
7. During an assessment, the nurse notes that the patient is grimacing and
holding their abdomen. The nurse records ‘patient appears to be in pain’. What
type of data is this?
A. Historical data
B. Subjective data
C. Secondary data
D. Objective data
Answer: D
