NR605 Week 7 Questions and Answers

NR605 Week 7 Questions and Answers

1. Commonly used evidence-based psychotherapies for the tx of trauma:: -
-Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM)
-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
-dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
2. Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM): -biologically based or bottom-up psychother-
apy
-helps support clients in processing acute or cumulative trauma once preliminary
stabilization skills have been learned
3. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): -bottom-up psy-
chotherapy
-helps clients in accessing & processing traumatic memories
4. dialectical behavior therapy (DBT): -cognitive or top-down approach
-support self-regulation after trauma
5. Primate/Human Brain (Cortex): -Responsible for: Higher mental functions
-Core functions: Regulating attention, feelings, and desires, complex reasoning,
abstract thoughts, imagination, language, empathy
-Basic "need": Connection and attachment to others
-When need is met: We feel LOVE
-When need is not met: We experience HEARTACHE
6. Mammalian Brain (Subcortical region): might think of it as the little mouse part
of the brain.
-Responsible for: Feelings and memory formation
-Core functions: Emotions, learning and memory, reward/motivation
-Basic "need": Satisfaction and approaching rewards
-When need is met: We feel CONTENTMENT
-When need is not met: We experience FRUSTRATION
7. Reptilian Brain (Brain stem and cerebellum): -Responsible for: Survival and
maintenance
-Core functions: Regulating heartbeat, breathing, and other vital organs
-Basic "need": Safety and avoiding harm
-When need is met: We feel PEACE
-When need is not met: We experience FEAR
8. Trauma: -any incident or series of events that overwhelm an individual's ability to
cope
-What happens inside us as a result of what happens to us
-may be emotionally disturbing or life-threatening
-may have enduring effects on emotional, psychological, physical, and spiritual
well-being
-70% of adults in U.S. report having had a traumatic experience


, NR605 Week 7 Questions and Answers

9. that at increased risk of experiencing a traumatic event: gay, lesbian, bisex-
ual, transgender, people of color, low education & socioeconomic status
10. experiences that may be traumatic include:: -physical, sexual, and emotional
abuse
-childhood neglect
-living with someone with mental health or substance use disorders
-a sudden separation from a loved one (death, divorce, separation)
-poverty
-racism, discrimination, and oppression
-violence in the community, war, or terrorism
-disasters, natural and man-made
-serious, invasive, distressing medical illness and procedures
11. Neurobiology of a Traumatic Event:: disrupts the limbic system, amygdala,
orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate gyrus
-amygdala or "fear center" of the brain stores the physical impact of negative
emotions.
• interferes with the hippocampus, which is involved with the recall of memory
• causes the prefrontal cortex to function less effectively, and the brain goes into
survival mode
12. What happens in the brain during a potentially traumatic event: -brain stem
directly connected with the retina
• retina sends visual info to the brain stem before higher levels of brain are aware of
threat.
-predator moves closer, periaqueductal gray initiates a fight or flight response
• activates the sympathetic nervous system
• Heart rate goes up. Blood flow to muscles increases. Blood pressure increases.
Pupils dilate
-person may enter the freeze response, or feigned death
• periaqueductal gray activates the parasympathetic nervous system as well
• Muscles get tight and freeze. Both gaze and breath may freeze, not a cognitive
choice
-predator doesn't move away, the person may shutdown completely
• Heart rate drops. Respiratory rate drops. Some people stop breathing. Muscles
become limp. Metabolism shuts down. Endorphins released.
• state of "no pain". They are no longer aware of their surroundings
• During inescapable trauma
13. differences between the freeze and shutdown trauma responses: -Freeze
• The client is HYPERaroused.
• The muscles are tense and full of energy, but can't release it.


, NR605 Week 7 Questions and Answers

• Inthisstage,therearesimilarlevelsofsympatheticandparasympatheticactivation.
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• Increased heart rate/blood pressure. X4 X4 X4




• The client might say, "I feel stuck," "I can't move," or "I feel like I am encased in cem
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ent."
• Eyes widen. X4




• The body is ready to return to fight/ flight as soon as the threat passes.
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-Shutdown/Collapse
• The client is HYPOaroused.
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• The muscles are flaccid and loose.
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• The parasympathic nervous system is dominant.
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• Decreased heart rate/blood pressure/temperature. X4 X4 X4




• The client may not be able to speak at all.
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• Blank stare. X4




• Sensory info stops at the thalamus.It doesn't reach the cortex (so it's not integrat-
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ed).The client is less aware of their internal and external world.
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• Endorphins release to numb pain. Dynorphins release, which can make the client fe X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X 4




el detached from their body.
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• Can result in fainting. X4 X4 X4




14. impact of trauma on Semantic Memory: - X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




What it is:The memory of general knowledge and facts.
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-Example:You remember what a bicycle is. X
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How trauma can affect it:Trauma can prevent information (like words, images, sounds,
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etc.) from different parts of the brain from combining to make a semantic memory.
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Relatedbrainarea:Thetemporallobeandinferiorparietalcortexcollectinformation from
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different brain areas to create semantic memory. X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




15. impact of trauma on memory: -Explicit Memory X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




• Semantic Memory X4




• Episodic Memory X4




-Implicit Memory X4




• Emotional Memory X4




• Procedural Memory X4




16. impact of trauma on Episodic Memory: - X4 X4 X4 X4 X4 X4




What it is:The autobiographical memory of an event of experience -
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including the who, what, and where.
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-
Example:You remember who was there and what street you were on when you fell off y
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