CHAPTER 3: METALS AND NON-METALS
1. Physical Properties
Property Metals Non-Metals
Lustre Shining surface. Dull (Ex: Iodine).
A
Hardness Hard (Ex: Na, K). Soft (Ex: Diamond).
IY
State Solid (Ex: Mercury). Solid/Gas (Ex: Bromine).
Malleability Malleable (Sheets). Non-malleable.
N
Ductility Ductile (Wires). Non-ductile.
Conduction
AR
Good (Heat/Electricity). Poor (Ex: Graphite).
Red Pen Note - Exceptions:
H
• Alkali Metals (Li, Na, K) are soft enough to cut with a knife.
D
• Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
• Gallium and Caesium melt in the palm.
N
2. Chemical Properties of Metals
U
A. Reaction with Oxygen
R
Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide
TA
Example:
2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO (Black Copper Oxide)
4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃ (Aluminium oxide)
Amphoteric Oxides
Oxides reacting with both acids and bases.
Page 1
, Example:
Al₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂O
Al₂O₃ + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO₂ + H₂O
Page 2
1. Physical Properties
Property Metals Non-Metals
Lustre Shining surface. Dull (Ex: Iodine).
A
Hardness Hard (Ex: Na, K). Soft (Ex: Diamond).
IY
State Solid (Ex: Mercury). Solid/Gas (Ex: Bromine).
Malleability Malleable (Sheets). Non-malleable.
N
Ductility Ductile (Wires). Non-ductile.
Conduction
AR
Good (Heat/Electricity). Poor (Ex: Graphite).
Red Pen Note - Exceptions:
H
• Alkali Metals (Li, Na, K) are soft enough to cut with a knife.
D
• Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
• Gallium and Caesium melt in the palm.
N
2. Chemical Properties of Metals
U
A. Reaction with Oxygen
R
Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide
TA
Example:
2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO (Black Copper Oxide)
4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃ (Aluminium oxide)
Amphoteric Oxides
Oxides reacting with both acids and bases.
Page 1
, Example:
Al₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂O
Al₂O₃ + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO₂ + H₂O
Page 2
