MICB 4131 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

MICB 4131 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 1. Innate immunity is specific for individual pathogens, and is able to discriminate between closely related molecular structures. - Answers False 2. Adaptive immunity recognizes a broad class of pathogens. - Answers False 3. Toll-like receptors: - Answers A. Induce the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and anti-microbial proteins/molecules B. Found on intracellular membranes in organelles and on the cell surface membrane E. A and B 4. TNFalpha causes vascular permeability and fever: - Answers True 5. Antibodies are secreted by B cells (plasma cells): - Answers True 6. Neutrophils fight infections by: - Answers A. Phagocytosis B. Release of reactive oxygen C. NETs D. All of these 7. NK cells are a part of the innate immune system and function in killing other cells through cytokine secretion: - Answers True 8. RIG-I binding to viral RNA leads production of: - Answers A. interferon 9. PAMPs are: - Answers C. Repetitive arrays of proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids on pathogens that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) 10. IL-2 is a: - Answers B. Cytokine 11. Leukocyte rolling is mediated by_____ on endothelium: - Answers C. Selectins 12. TLR5 recognizes _____ on/in the______ : - Answers B. Flagella, cell surface 1. The first antibody isotype secreted after B cells are stimulated are: - Answers A. IgM 2. The final maturational events of a B cell occur in the primary follicles after interacting with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) - Answers A. True 3. Chemokines signal through: - Answers C. G protein coupled receptors 4. V(D)J recombination occurs in: - Answers D. Bone marrow 5. This protein negatively regulates cytokine signaling through the JaK/STAT pathway (hint: negative feedback loop): - Answers C. SOCS 6. IL-7 is needed for B cell development from a Pre-B cell to an Immature B cell. - Answers A. True 7. The following gene determines if a cell will become a B cell: - Answers C. Pax5 8. This enzyme is involved in isotype switching by inducing nicks in DNA - Answers A. AID 9. IgM is an antibody isotype in breast milk that is transferred to newborns in a process known as passive immunity. - Answers B. False 10. Through selection, somatic hypermutation results in surviving B cells with: - Answers B. Increased antigen binding 11. The following molecules are important for cytokine signaling after a cytokine engages its receptor: - Answers C. Jaks and STATS 12. Germinal centers in the lymph node are where somatic hypermutation occurs. - Answers A. True 1. Resident memory T cells are T cells that do not re-circulate throughout the whole body and stay in one organ. - Answers a. True 2. Cancer cells can be eliminated by NK cells. - Answers a. True 3. Autoimmune responses can be suppressed by which cells: - Answers c. T regulatory cells (Tregs) 4. ADCC is dependent on: - Answers d. Antibody 5. T cells that are chronically (i.e constantly) stimulated by antigen can become dysfunctional or exhausted. - Answers a. True 6. Th1 CD4 T cells secrete IL-4 - Answers b. False 7. Which of the following is a transcription factor that drives differentiation of Th17 cells? - Answers a. ROR-gT 8. ADCC is mediated by neutrophils, NK cells, eosinophils, and macrophages. - Answers a. True 9. NK cells can form memory against antigens. - Answers b. False 10. Classical complement pathway activation is dependent on: - Answers a. IgM or IgG 11. The lectin pathway, classical pathway, and alternative pathway all generate a C3 convertase. - Answers a. True 12. Naïve CD8 T cells secrete: - Answers a. Perforin b. Granzyme d. Neither 1. HIV only infects immune compromised people. - Answers b. False 2. Herd immunity or community immunity is... - Answers c. Refers to having enough people vaccinated such that the pathogen is unlikely to spread among people Immunodeficiencies can occur because of: - Answers a. Mutations b. Decreased numbers of lymphocytes c. Decreased functions of lymphocytes d. All of the answers are correct 4. Immune responses in tumors can be suppressed because tumors can produce factors, like cytokines, that can negatively impact immune cells. - Answers a. True 5. New tumor antigens can arise because of mutations (tumor neo-antigens). - Answers a. True 6. Immunodeficiencies can only affect T cell functions. - Answers b. False 7. Chronic Granulomatous Disease can occur because... - Answers e. Your neutrophils/granulocytes are not working properly 8. The co-receptor for HIV infection is: - Answers c. CCR5 9. AIDS occurs because there Is no immune response generated to HIV infection. a. True - Answers b. False 10. Use of CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cells for cancer immunotherapy requires identification of an antigen to be targeted on cancer cells. - Answers a. True 11. Autoimmunity is an innate immune response targeting self-antigens. a. True - Answers b. False 12. Autoimmunity can be initiated by molecular mimicry. Molecular mimicry is... - Answers c. Homology between tissue antigens and antigens in infectious agents 1.) MHC II presents antigen to_____, and MHC I presents antigen to _____. - Answers A. CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells 2.) TLR5 is located _________ and recognizes _________. - Answers D. Cell surface, flagellin 3.) MHC I molecules are found on all nucleated cells - Answers A. True 4.) All immune cells come from the________ . - Answers A. Hematopoietic stem cells 5.) Viral RNA is recognized in the cytoplasm by ______. - Answers C. Rig-I 6.) Cyclic GMP/AMP synthase (cGAS) signaling leads to production of: - Answers A. Interferon 7.) A dendritic cell that sees LPS is activated through_____ and drains into the lymph node through____ - Answers B. TLR4, afferent lymphatic 8.) This transports peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum - Answers B. TAP 9.) A knock-out mouse is a mouse in which a gene has been functionally inserted, a knock-in mouse has had a gene functionally removed. - Answers B. False 10.) In an uninfected person, neutrophils are most abundant in - Answers B. Bone Marrow 11.) Neutrophils help to fight infections by - Answers A. Phagocytosis B. Releasing reactive oxygen species C. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) D. All of the above 12.) Type I interferon - Answers A. can be made by all nucleated cells B. signaling makes the cell inhospitable to virus replication C. occurs after activation by RIG-I and cGAS D. All of the above 13.) TNF alpha is the main chemoattractant for neutrophils - Answers B. False 14.) MHC diversity is driven by - Answers A. polygeny B. polymorphism C. codominant expression D. All of the above 15.) CCL19 is a A. Cytokine - Answers B. Chemokine 16.) T cells can exit the lymph node though - Answers E. Efferent lymphatics 17.) Innate barrier functions include all of the following except - Answers D. Neutrophil NETs 18.) CCL19 and CCL21 bind - Answers B. CCR7 19.) ______ is an example of a polymorphonuclear cell - Answers E. Neutrophil 20.) The thymus is a secondary lymphoid organ - Answers B. False 21.) Which of the following techniques would allow you to visualize the organization of cells within a tissue: - Answers A. Fluorescent microscopy 22.) This cell produces and secretes large amounts of antibodies - Answers D. Plasma cells 23.) This molecule is expressed by endothelium near inflamed skin and mediates rolling - Answers A. P-Selectin 24.) This cytokine induces vascular permeability - Answers C. TNF alpha 25.) The two major functions of CLIP and the invariant chain are - Answers B. Stabilize MHC II, block binding of peptides in the ER 26.) After activation, CD8 T cells lose expression of_______ so that they do not re-enter lymph nodes - Answers B. L-Selectin (CD62L) 27.) Immunizing a rat with a mouse protein will result in which of the following - Answers E. Rat anti-mouse antibodies 28.) _______ is an example of a primary lymphoid organ - Answers A. Appendix B. Peyer's patch C. Spleen D. Lymph node E. None of these 29.) This organ acquires antigens from the blood - Answers C. Spleen 30.) PAMP stands for priming associated with microbial pathogens - Answers B. False 31.) This aminopeptidase protein helps to further edit peptides in the ER for loading into MHC I - Answers A. ERAAP 32.) Antigens from outside of the cell can be presented on MHC I through - Answers A. Cross presentation 33.) This protein helps release CLIP from MHC II - Answers A. HLA-DM 34.) This cell helps get antigens into Peyer's patches - Answers A. M cells 35.) T cells need these signals to be activated (i.e., signals 1, 2 and 3) - Answers B. TCR, CD28, cytokines 36.) MHC class II can bind to long peptides because - Answers A. It has an open peptide binding groove 37.) The T cell receptor (TCR) recognizes the peptide only and not the particular MHC molecule - Answers B. False 38.) Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include - Answers A. Dendritic cells B. B cells C. Macrophages D. All of the above 39.) B cell receptors (BCR or antibodies) recognize epitopes from highly processed antigens presented on MHC - Answers B. False 40.) Follicular dendritic cells - Answers C. hold on to antigen for a long time 41.) MHC polymorphisms, polygeny and codominant expression are not concerns for organ transplantation - Answers B. False 42.) To increase the chances of a T cell finding its antigen, naïve T cells continually recirculate through______ by entering through the ________. - Answers E. Lymph Nodes, HEV 43.) Macrophages are APCs that are sessile and act as scavengers for dead cells. - Answers A. True 44.) Immunoproteasomes exist in cells stimulated with interferons. - Answers A. True 45.) Vaccines primarily function through the innate immune system to induce memory formation in lymphocytes. - Answers B. False 46.) This antigen presenting cell is able to cross-present antigens to CD8 T cells - Answers D. Dendritic cells (DC) 47.) cGAS recognizes viral_______ in the _______ - Answers E. DNA: Cytoplasm 48.) Loss of ______ leads to Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) - Answers D. LFA-1 49.) Macrophages come from the - Answers B. Common myeloid progenitor 50.) In the hypothetical flow cytometry plot below, which cluster represents cells that express CD4, but lack expression of CD8. - Answers D.image 1. Secondary exposure to an antigen, as compared to the first exposure, results in T cell responses, that: - Answers A. Are faster B. Are numerically larger C. Can decrease the amount of pathogen better D. All of the above 2. This antibody isotype helps protect the developing fetus: - Answers C. IgG 3. Naïve T cells and effector T cells are different because: - Answers B. Expression of CD44 and LFA-1 increases on effector T cells 4. The germinal center contains B cells that: - Answers A. Are rapidly dividing.