MICB 4131 QUIZ 3 QUESTIONS WELL CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
steps of lectin pathway - Answers 1. MBL/ficolin binding to lectins on microbial surface
2. Activation of MASP-1 and MASP-2
3. MASP-2 cleaves c4 into c4a and c4b (bind to cell surface)
4. MASP-2 cleaves c2 into c2a (binds c4b) and c2b
5. c4bc2a is now an active c3 convertase cleaving c3 into c3b (bind to cell surface) and c3a
costimulation for CD4 T cells includes - Answers B7 (APC) and CD28 (T cell)
IL6 signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Tfh
TGFb and IL6 signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Th17
IL4 signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Th2
Th1 cells activate - Answers macrophages
Th2 cells are considered - Answers anti-inflammatory
Th1 cells are considered - Answers inflammatory
How do Th1 cells activate macrophages? - Answers IFN-y production and CD40
IL12 and IFNy signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Th1
TGFb signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Treg
how many activation signals are needed for CD4 T cells? - Answers 3
ADCC stands for - Answers Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
function of ADCC - Answers use of antibody to clear infection
steps of ADCC - Answers 1. antibody binding to antigens on target cell
2. recognition and binding of antibody via Fc receptors on NK cell or macrophages or neutrophils or
eosinophils
3. cross linking of Fc receptors signals killing
4. cell death via apoptosis
T or F: NK cells can form into memory cells - Answers false
two ways NK cells can recognize target cells - Answers 1. antibody coated cells via Fc receptor
recognition
2. no expression of MHCI = no inhibition signal and signals cell lysis
outcome of lectin and classical pathways - Answers opsonization via c3b
ALSO
formation of c5 convertase when c4b2a3b forms which cleaves c5 into c5a and c5b (results in MAC)
opsonization - Answers coating antigen to enhance phagocytosis
IFNy function - Answers inhibit viral replication, increase MHCI, activation of macrophages and NK
cells
proinflammatory cytokines - Answers IFNy and TNFa
lytic granules - Answers perforin, granzymes, granulysin
fas ligand - Answers binding leads to cell death (apoptosis)
cd8 T cells require how many activation signals? - Answers 3
perforin - Answers pore-forming protein the helps in delivering other CD8 granules into cytoplasm of
target cell
granzyme - Answers Serine protease that is introduced by cytotoxic lymphocytes into the cytoplasm
of its cellular targets where it triggers apoptosis by cleaving caspases
granulysin - Answers has antimicrobial actions and can induce apoptosis
T or F: mice have granulysin - Answers false
CD8 function is dependent on - Answers cell-to-cell contact
fas ligand binds to - Answers fas on target cells
T or F: fas:fas ligand mediated killing takes less time than perforin/granzyme - Answers false
central memory T cell (Tcm) - Answers recirculate through secondary lymphoid organs
effector memory T cells (Tem) - Answers found in non-lymphoid tissue
consistently express effector molecules
resident memory T cell (Trm) - Answers go to a tissue and stay there (do not exit organ where it was
activated)
T cell exhaustion - Answers progressive loss of effector function due to prolonged antigen stimulation
(chronic infection/cancer)
steps of lectin pathway - Answers 1. MBL/ficolin binding to lectins on microbial surface
2. Activation of MASP-1 and MASP-2
3. MASP-2 cleaves c4 into c4a and c4b (bind to cell surface)
4. MASP-2 cleaves c2 into c2a (binds c4b) and c2b
5. c4bc2a is now an active c3 convertase cleaving c3 into c3b (bind to cell surface) and c3a
costimulation for CD4 T cells includes - Answers B7 (APC) and CD28 (T cell)
IL6 signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Tfh
TGFb and IL6 signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Th17
IL4 signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Th2
Th1 cells activate - Answers macrophages
Th2 cells are considered - Answers anti-inflammatory
Th1 cells are considered - Answers inflammatory
How do Th1 cells activate macrophages? - Answers IFN-y production and CD40
IL12 and IFNy signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Th1
TGFb signal 3 cytokine leads to what effector CD4 cell? - Answers Treg
how many activation signals are needed for CD4 T cells? - Answers 3
ADCC stands for - Answers Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
function of ADCC - Answers use of antibody to clear infection
steps of ADCC - Answers 1. antibody binding to antigens on target cell
2. recognition and binding of antibody via Fc receptors on NK cell or macrophages or neutrophils or
eosinophils
3. cross linking of Fc receptors signals killing
4. cell death via apoptosis
T or F: NK cells can form into memory cells - Answers false
two ways NK cells can recognize target cells - Answers 1. antibody coated cells via Fc receptor
recognition
2. no expression of MHCI = no inhibition signal and signals cell lysis
outcome of lectin and classical pathways - Answers opsonization via c3b
ALSO
formation of c5 convertase when c4b2a3b forms which cleaves c5 into c5a and c5b (results in MAC)
opsonization - Answers coating antigen to enhance phagocytosis
IFNy function - Answers inhibit viral replication, increase MHCI, activation of macrophages and NK
cells
proinflammatory cytokines - Answers IFNy and TNFa
lytic granules - Answers perforin, granzymes, granulysin
fas ligand - Answers binding leads to cell death (apoptosis)
cd8 T cells require how many activation signals? - Answers 3
perforin - Answers pore-forming protein the helps in delivering other CD8 granules into cytoplasm of
target cell
granzyme - Answers Serine protease that is introduced by cytotoxic lymphocytes into the cytoplasm
of its cellular targets where it triggers apoptosis by cleaving caspases
granulysin - Answers has antimicrobial actions and can induce apoptosis
T or F: mice have granulysin - Answers false
CD8 function is dependent on - Answers cell-to-cell contact
fas ligand binds to - Answers fas on target cells
T or F: fas:fas ligand mediated killing takes less time than perforin/granzyme - Answers false
central memory T cell (Tcm) - Answers recirculate through secondary lymphoid organs
effector memory T cells (Tem) - Answers found in non-lymphoid tissue
consistently express effector molecules
resident memory T cell (Trm) - Answers go to a tissue and stay there (do not exit organ where it was
activated)
T cell exhaustion - Answers progressive loss of effector function due to prolonged antigen stimulation
(chronic infection/cancer)
