Chapter01:Nursing Today
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Potter:FundamentalsofNursing,11thEdition
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MULTIPLECHOICE z
1. Whichnurse most likelykept records on sanitationtechniques and the effects on health?
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a. FlorenceNightingale z
b. MaryNutting z
c. ClaraBarton z
d. LillianWald zz
ANS: A z z
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
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sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
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instrumental in moving nursing educationinto universities. Clara Barton founded the American
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Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Discussthe influenceof social, historical, political, andeconomic changesonnursingpractices.
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TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance z z zz zz zz
2. Thenurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attainexpected outcome. Which standard of
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zz nursing practice is the nurse following?
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a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C z z
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
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expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data
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pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
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assessment datato determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
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implements (carries out) the identified plan.
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DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Planning z
MSC: Management of Care
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3. An experiencedmedical-surgicalnurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
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zz proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
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a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advancedbeginner zz
ANS: A z z
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
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experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
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an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
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able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
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experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
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required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
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competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A
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nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This
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experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects
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or principles of nursing care.
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DIF:Apply(application) z
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Evaluation z
MSC: Management of Care
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4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decidesthat the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
zz nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
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a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B z z
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
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nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
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candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-RN, the nurse may choose to work
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
toward certificationin a specificarea of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
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responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
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DIF:Apply(application) z
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. zz zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Implementation z
MSC: Management of Care
zz z z zz zz
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
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implementing?
zz
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B z z
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
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has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an
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educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care
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activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient
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behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protectyour
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patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and
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attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
DIF:Apply(application) z
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. zz zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Implementation z
MSC: Management of Care
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6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice nurse.
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However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To fulfill this
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desire, which program should the nurse attend?
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a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc) zz zz z zz zz
b. Doctor of Philosophydegree (PhD) zz zz zz zz
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) zz zz z zz zz
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
ANS: B z z
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development and
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award the research-orientedDoctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral
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programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
practitioners.
zz
DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
education.
zz TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care z z z z zz zz
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses
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Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
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a. Graduateeducation z
b. Inserviceeducation z
c. Continuingeducation z
d. Registerednurse education zz zz
ANS: C z z
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities, zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pursue graduate
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education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields, including
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training provided by a health care facility
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or institution. Registered nurse education is the education preparation for an individual intending
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to be an RN.
zz zz zz zz
DIF:Apply(application) z
OBJ:Compareandcontrasttheeducational programsavailablefor professionalregistered nurse(RN) z z zz zz zz zz z zz z zz z
, education. TOP: z z Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care z z zz zz
8. A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety Education for
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zz Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
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a. Safety
b. Patient-centeredcare z
c. Qualityimprovement z
d. Teamwork and collaboration zz zz
ANS: C z z
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety minimizes risk of
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harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.
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Patient-centeredcare recognizes the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in
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providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values,
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and needs. Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning within nursing and
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interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision
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making.
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DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. zz zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Evaluation z
MSC: Management of Care
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9. Anurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
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a. Lateralviolence and intrapersonal conflict z zz zz zz
b. Burnout and secondarytraumatic stress zz zz z zz
c. Short-termgrief and single stressor zz zz zz zz
d. Physical and mental exhaustion zz zz zz
ANS: B z z
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as lateral violence
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(nurse-nurse interactions, not intrapersonal). Frequent, intense, or prolonged exposure to grief and zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
loss places nurses at risk for developing compassion fatigue. Stressors, not a single stressor,
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contribute to compassion fatigue. Physical and mental exhaustion describes burnout only.
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DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Discusstheinfluenceof social, historical,political, andeconomic changesonnursingpractices.
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TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance z z zz zz zz
10. A patient is scheduled for surgery. When getting ready to obtain the informed consent, the patient
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tellsthe nurse, ―I have no idea what is goingto happen. Icouldn’t ask anyquestions.‖ The nurse does
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not allow the patient to sign the permit and notifies the health care provider of the situation. Which
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role is the nurse displaying?
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a. Manager
b. Patienteducator z
c. Patientadvocate z
d. Clinicalnurse specialist zz zz
ANS: C z z
z z zz
Potter:FundamentalsofNursing,11thEdition
z zz z z z
MULTIPLECHOICE z
1. Whichnurse most likelykept records on sanitationtechniques and the effects on health?
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
a. FlorenceNightingale z
b. MaryNutting z
c. ClaraBarton z
d. LillianWald zz
ANS: A z z
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected poor
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald came after
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way. Mary Nutting was
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
instrumental in moving nursing educationinto universities. Clara Barton founded the American
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street Settlement.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Discussthe influenceof social, historical, political, andeconomic changesonnursingpractices.
z zz z zz zz zz zz z zz z z z
TOP: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance z z zz zz zz
2. Thenurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attainexpected outcome. Which standard of
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
zz nursing practice is the nurse following?
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a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ANS: C z z
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse collects comprehensive data
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz z z
pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation. In diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
assessment datato determine the diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
implements (carries out) the identified plan.
zz zz zz zz zz zz
DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Planning z
MSC: Management of Care
zz z z zz zz
3. An experiencedmedical-surgicalnurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
zz proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
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a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advancedbeginner zz
ANS: A z z
, A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to now practice in home health) is
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse perceives a patient’s clinical situation as a whole, is
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
experiences to a situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals. A
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced beginner. This
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
or principles of nursing care.
zz zz zz zz zz
DIF:Apply(application) z
OBJ:Discuss the development of professional nursing roles. zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Evaluation z
MSC: Management of Care
zz z z zz zz
4. A nurse assesses a patient’s fluid status and decidesthat the patient needs to drink more fluids. The
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
zz nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept is the nurse demonstrating?
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
ANS: B z z
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the United States, the RN
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN. Beyond the NCLEX-RN, the nurse may choose to work
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
toward certificationin a specificarea of nursing practice. Accountability means that you are
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
responsible, professionally and legally, for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
DIF:Apply(application) z
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. zz zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Implementation z
MSC: Management of Care
zz z z zz zz
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the nurse
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
implementing?
zz
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
ANS: B z z
, A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or facility. As an
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
educator, you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protectyour
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
a caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
attain a maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
DIF:Apply(application) z
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. zz zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Implementation z
MSC: Management of Care
zz z z zz zz
6. The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced practice nurse.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory development. To fulfill this
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
desire, which program should the nurse attend?
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc) zz zz z zz zz
b. Doctor of Philosophydegree (PhD) zz zz zz zz
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) zz zz z zz zz
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
ANS: B z z
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory development and
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
award the research-orientedDoctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing. Professional doctoral
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programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply research findings to clinical
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
practitioners.
zz
DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Compare and contrast the educational programs available for professional registered nurse (RN) zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
education.
zz TOP: Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care z z z z zz zz
7. A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
a. Graduateeducation z
b. Inserviceeducation z
c. Continuingeducation z
d. Registerednurse education zz zz
ANS: C z z
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities, zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in nursing, you can pursue graduate
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
education leading to a master’s or doctoral degree in any number of graduate fields, including
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
nursing. Inservice education programs are instruction or training provided by a health care facility
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or institution. Registered nurse education is the education preparation for an individual intending
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
to be an RN.
zz zz zz zz
DIF:Apply(application) z
OBJ:Compareandcontrasttheeducational programsavailablefor professionalregistered nurse(RN) z z zz zz zz zz z zz z zz z
, education. TOP: z z Teaching/Learning MSC: Management of Care z z zz zz
8. A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety Education for
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zz Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
zz zz zz zz zz zz
a. Safety
b. Patient-centeredcare z
c. Qualityimprovement z
d. Teamwork and collaboration zz zz
ANS: C z z
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety minimizes risk of
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
Patient-centeredcare recognizes the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient’s preferences, values,
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
and needs. Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning within nursing and
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
making.
zz
DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Discuss the roles and career opportunities for nurses. zz zz zz zz zz zz zz TOP:Evaluation z
MSC: Management of Care
zz z z zz zz
9. Anurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
a. Lateralviolence and intrapersonal conflict z zz zz zz
b. Burnout and secondarytraumatic stress zz zz z zz
c. Short-termgrief and single stressor zz zz zz zz
d. Physical and mental exhaustion zz zz zz
ANS: B z z
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as lateral violence
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
(nurse-nurse interactions, not intrapersonal). Frequent, intense, or prolonged exposure to grief and zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
loss places nurses at risk for developing compassion fatigue. Stressors, not a single stressor,
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
contribute to compassion fatigue. Physical and mental exhaustion describes burnout only.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
DIF:Understand(comprehension) z
OBJ:Discusstheinfluenceof social, historical,political, andeconomic changesonnursingpractices.
z z z zz zz zz zz z zz z z z
TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance z z zz zz zz
10. A patient is scheduled for surgery. When getting ready to obtain the informed consent, the patient
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
tellsthe nurse, ―I have no idea what is goingto happen. Icouldn’t ask anyquestions.‖ The nurse does
zz z zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz z zz zz z zz zz z zz zz zz
not allow the patient to sign the permit and notifies the health care provider of the situation. Which
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
role is the nurse displaying?
zz zz zz zz zz
a. Manager
b. Patienteducator z
c. Patientadvocate z
d. Clinicalnurse specialist zz zz
ANS: C z z
