BIO 148 Unit 1 Exam Question With All Correct Answers Rated A+

BIO 148 Unit 1 Exam Question With All Correct Answers Rated A+ biology - Answer- the study of life organism - Answer- any living entity that contains one or more cells cell - Answer- the most basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. a plasma membrane bound structure capable of self-replicating - organized compartment - filled w/ aqueous solution - chemical reactions take place inside plasma membrane - Answer- a membrane that surrounds the cell, separating it from the external environment and selectively regulating passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell. also called cell membrane cell theory - Answer- the theory that all organisms are made of cells and that all cells come from pre-existing cells prokaryote - Answer- a member of the domain bacteria or archaea; a unicellular organism lacking a nucleus and organelles eukaryote - Answer- a member of the domain eukarya; an organism whose ells contain a nucleus, numerous membrane-bound organelles, and an extensive cytoskeleton. may be unicellular or multicellular DNA - Answer- a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication. the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines individual heredity characteristics ribosome - Answer- a complex RNA and protein that catalyzes the formation of proteins using messenger RNA as a template (translation) protein - Answer- a linear chain of amino acids folded into a threeD structure, facilitating biological function the genetic code - Answer- set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins evolution - Answer- (1) the theory that all organisms on earth are relate by common ancestry and that they have changed over time, predominantly via natural selection. (2) any change in the genetic characteristics of a population over time - *change in average value of a particular trait in a specific population* - generates biodiversity population - Answer- a group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area at the same time natural selection - Answer- the process by which individuals with certain heritable traits tend to produce more surviving offspring than do individuals w/o those traits, often leading to a change in the genetic makeup of the population. a major mechanism of evolution fitness - Answer- the ability of an individual to survive and produce viable offspring in a given environment relative to others of the same species. adaptation - Answer- a heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a given environment tree of life - Answer- a diagram depicting the genealogical relationships of all living organisms on earth, w/ a single ancestral species at the base domain - Answer- a taxonomic category, based on similarities in basic cellular biochemistry, above the kingdom level. the three recognized domains are bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. archaea - Answer- on of the three taxonomic domains of life consisting of *unicellular prokaryotes* more closely related to eukarya than bacteria based. predominantly unicellular, w/ many living in *extreme environments*. bacteria - Answer- one of the three taxonomic domains of life consisting of *single celled prokaryotic* organisms characterized by lack of a membrane-enclosed nucleus. predominantly unicellular - many shapes and sizes - *live in colonies* eukarya - Answer- one of the three taxonomic domains of life comprised of eukaryotes (organisms whose cells contain a nucleus). includes *unicellular and multicellular* species. nucleus - Answer- in eukaryotic cells, the large organelle containing the chromosomes and surrounded by a double membrane organelle - Answer- any discrete, membrane-bound structure w/in a cell (ex. nucleus, mitochondrion) that has a characteristic structure & function phylogeny - Answer- the evolutionary history of group of organisms - visual representation of hypothesized evolutionary history of populations, genes, or species speciation - Answer- the evolution of two or more distinct species from a single ancestral species clade - Answer- a grouping on a phylogenetic tree that includes a common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor. control group - Answer- a group of samples that do not receive the experimental treatment but are otherwise identical to the group that does dependent variable - Answer- something that depends on other factors (Independent variable) causes a change in (Dependent Variable) and it isn't possible that (Dependent Variable) could cause a change in (Independent Variable). independent variable - Answer- It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure (Independent variable) causes a change in (Dependent Variable) and it isn't possible that (Dependent Variable) could cause a change in (Independent Variable). box and whisker plot - Answer- lower quartile = 1st upper quartile = 3rd upper extrema = maximum lower extrema = minimum line = median diamond = mean what makes something living / shared characteristics of life - Answer- - acquire and use energy and matter - cells (at least one) - genetic information (DNA) - replication / reproduction - interaction w environment - product of environment acronym for shared characteristics of life - Answer- My Cat Doesn't Realize I Examine Matter Cells DNA Replication Interaction Environment The source of energy for all living things is... Water Nutrients Plants Sunlight The food they eat - Answer- sunlight what are the two greatest unifying ideas in biology? - Answer- 1. cell theory 2. theory of evolution by natural selection fact - Answer- some form of evidence that has been tested and confirmed so many times that there is no compelling reason to keep confirming it theory - Answer- a coherent group of tested general propositions that can be used as principles of explanation and prediction for a class of phenomena - a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a *vast body of evidence* and generates *testable and falsifiable predictions* 2 parts of a theory - Answer- 1. a description of a pattern in the natural world 2. a mechanism or process cell theory 2 parts - Answer- 1/ pattern: every organism made up of cells 2. mechanism: all cells come from other cells